Growth-related protein

Matsukawa A, Yoshimura T, Fujiwara K, Maeda T, Ohkawara S, Yoshinaga M. Involvement of growth related protein (GRO) in lipopolysaccharide-induced rabbit arthritis Cooperation between GRO and interleukin-8 (IL-8) and interrelated regulation among TNFa, IL-1, IL-8, and GRO. Lab Invest 1999 79 591-600. 

Other amphipathic p-sheet forming peptides have been derived from proteins in the a-chemokine family [23] which includes platelet factor-4 (PF4) [24], interleukin-8 (IL-8) [25] and growth related protein (Gro-a) [26]. 

Abbreviations NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance 2D-NMR, two-dimensional NMR HOHAHA, 2D-NMR homonuclear Hartman-Hahn spectroscopy NOE, nuclear Overhauser effect NOESY, 2D-NMR nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy rf, radio frequency FID, free induction decay CD, circular dichroism PF4, platelet factor-4 IL-8, interleukin-8 Gro-a, growth-related protein a. 

Cytokines and Immunophilins. A large number of inflammatory mediators and related proteins including the cytokines, colony stimulating factors (CSFs), interferons (IFNs), tumor necrosis factors (TNFs), growth factors (see Growth regulators), neurotrophic factors, and immunophilins are found in the mammalian CNS and appear to play a significant role in CNS function both in development and in aspects of brain homeostasis (40—43). 

Glycine-atginine-glycine-aspartic acid serine-proline Gro Growth-related oncogene GRP Gastrin-related peptide Gs Stimulatory G protein GSH Glutathione (reduced)... 

FIGURE 96-4. Pathophysiology of the hypercalcemia of malignancy. PTHrP, parathyroid hormone-related protein TGF-P, transforming growth factor P TNF-a, tumor necrosis factor alpha Ca2+, calcium IL-1, interleukin 1 IL-2, interleukin 2. 

MAPK kinase (MAPKK). MAPK kinase itself is activated by phosphorylation by still another protein kinase, termed MAPK kinase kinase (MAPKKK). MAPK kinase kinase is activated upon interaction with a member of the Ras superfamily of small G proteins, which are bound to the plasma membrane (see Ch. 19). The exact mechanism of activation remains unknown, but it is believed that Ras and related proteins, in the activated GTP-bound form, can bind MAPK kinase kinase and thereby draw the kinase to the plasmalemma, where it is activated by as yet unknown factors, perhaps even an additional kinase, MAPK kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKKK). The mechanism governing the activation of Ras and related proteins by extracellular signals is quite complex and involves numerous Tinker proteins, for example She, Grb and Sos, that couple Ras to a variety of plasmalemma-associated growth factor-protein tyrosine kinase receptors (see Chs 20,24 and 27). 

Huff KK, Knabe C, Linsey R (1988) Multihormonal regulation of insulin-like growth factor-1-related protein in MCF-7 cells. Mol Endocrinol 2 200-208... 

Shen KK, Lin TY, Xn C, Ji LL, Wang ZT. (2009) Andrographolide inhibits hepatoma cells growth and affects the expression of cell cycle related proteins. Yao Xue Xue Bao 44 973-979. 

Ishida N, Miyazaki K, Sakai T 2001 Circadian rhythm biochemistry from protein degradation to sleep and mating. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 286 1—5 Kloss B, Price JL, Saez L et al 1998 The Drosophila clock gene double-time encodes a protein closely related to human casein kinase lepsilon. Cell 94 97—107 Lau LF, Nathans D 1987 Expression of a set of growth-related immediate early genes in BALE/ c 3T3 cells coordinate regulation with c-fos or c-myc. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84 1182-1186... 

Other 5-HT related systems tPA t Gap43, a growth-associated protein of Pawlak et al. 2002... 

Maier DL, Mani S, Donovan SL, Soppet D, Tessarollo L, McCasland JS, Meiri KF (1999) Disrupted cortical map and absence of cortical barrels in growth-associated protein (GAP)-43 knockout mice. Proc Nad Acad Sci U S A 96 9397-9402 Mansour-Robaey S, Mechawar N, Radja F, Beaulieu C, Descarries L (1998) Quantified distribution of serotonin transporter and receptors during the postnatal development of the rat barrel field cortex. Brain Res Dev Brain Res 107 159-163 Manuck SB, Flory JD, Ferrell RE, Dent KM, Mann JJ, Muldoon MF (1999) Aggression and anger-related traits associated with a polymorphism of the tryptophan hydroxylase gene. Biol Psychiatry 45 603-614... 

Fibroblast growth factor, FGF-1, FGF-2, FGF-3, FGF-4. related proteins of 16-32 kD Receptor tyrosine kinase... 

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