Group Personnel

Because preparation involves specialized procedures and instruments, most of analytical laboratories have Sample Preparation Sections, such as Organic Extraction and Metal Digestion shown in Figure 4.2. (The General Chemistry Section does not have a separate preparation group, as sample preparation is usually part of the analytical procedure). Because laboratory accuracy and precision strongly depend on the individual s technique, sample preparation personnel must be trained in each procedure, and their proficiency be documented. The laboratory must have a set of SOPs for preparation methods performed and must ensure that the Sample Preparation Group personnel are trained to follow them to the letter. 

The authors wish to thank the following AcuTech Consulting Group personnel for their teehnical contributions and review Tara Aboyoun, Steven M. Fruchtman, Dale A. Kers, H.M. Leith, Kevin F. Molloy, David A. Moore, Martin R. Rose, and Lee Salamone. 

Campion, M. A., Medsker, G. J., and Higgs, A. C. (1993), Relations between Work Group Characteristics and Effectiveness Implications for Designing Effective Work Groups, Personnel Psychology, Vol. 46, pp. 823-850. 

In beyond design-basis accidents involving jamming of several compensation groups, personnel from the regional service centre may actuate an active system of liquid poison injection into the primary circuit. 

The system has proven to be a powerful tool for inspections in the Nuclear industry with the potential of reducing the radiation doses for a highly qualified group of personnel and at the same time ensure a high quality and reproducibility of testing... 

Collective protection enclosures are required for groups of personnel. Such enclosures must be airtight to prevent inward seepage of contamination. They can be independent units or can be formed by adequately treating the interior walls of stmctures, tents, airplanes, or vehicles. A supply of uncontaminated air, provided by passing ambient air through high efficiency aerosol and carbon filters, must be provided. 

Usually, the evaluation is done by in-house company personnel, a contractor, or a combination. For capital cost estimation it is difficult to beat a contractor. Fie will, of necessity, have an excellent cost-estimation group that is familiar with a wide range of processes and is on a first-... 

Operating costs are best done in-house, because company personnel are familiar with corporate philosophies of staffing, maintenance, control laboratory operations. administrative requirements, and many other support aspects of running the business. If adequately staffed, the in-house study group should handle operating costs rather than try to teach a contractor company requirements. 

Kanholm, Jack ISO 14001 in Our Company Self-Study Course for Personnel. Pasadena, Calif. AQA Press, 1998. - A booklet that offers a general orientation to the ISO 14001 standard for self-study or group training. Could be useful for basic EMS training for employees. 

Risks were expressed as triplets . The first element of the triplet was found using accident records and a PHA. The databases used were MHIDAS (1992) (>5(XK1 accidents) and ACCIDATA (>1,500 mostly Brazil). The PHA was performed by personnel from REDUC (facility operator) and PRINCIPIA (the PSA vendor). About 170 basic initiating events (raptures of pipes, flanges, valves, spheres, pumps and human actions) were grouped into 12 initiators by equivalent diameter, pressure, flow type and rapture l(x ation. 

Launch. We initiated the pilot on schedule on May 15 with a series of group orientation meetings with all three shifts at Marwood. Members of the Task Force, plus the facility manager, conducted these meetings, where we explained the PSM system, discussed the pilot test, and outlined expectations of Manwood personnel. 

The classification structure for PIFs used in this chapter is based on the model of human error as arising from a mismatch between demands and resources which was described in Chapter 1, Section 1.6 (Figure 1.6). In this model demands were seen as requirements for human performance which arise from the characteristics of the process environment (e.g., the need to monitor a panel or to be able to fix a seal in a flange) and the nature of the human capabilities to satisfy these demands (e.g., skills of perception, thinking, and physical action). These demands are met by the individual and group resources of personnel and the extent to which the design of the task allows these resources to be effectively deployed. Where demands exceeded resources, errors could be expected to occur. 

It should be noted that the data collection and conversion effort is not trivial, it is company and plant-specific and requires substantial effort and coordination between intracompany groups. No statistical treatment can make up for inaccurate or incomplete raw data. The keys to valid, high-quality data are thoroughness and quality of personnel training comprehensive procedures for data collection, reduction, handling and protection (from raw records to final failure rates) and the ability to audit and trace the origins of finished data. Finally, the system must be structured and the data must be coded so that they can be located within a well-designed failure rate taxonomy. When done properly, valuable and uniquely applicable failure rate data and equipment reliability information can be obtained. 

The accountability expected of the predictive maintenance group is another factor that is critical to program effectiveness. If measures of program effectiveness are not established, neither management nor program personnel can determine if the program s potential is being achieved. 

The regulation states The report must be reviewed with all affected personnel whose job tasks are relevant to the incident findings, including contract employees where applicable. The aim of this clause is to ensure that all affected employees understand why the incident occurred and what actions could prevent a recurrence. While the regulation does not specifically define the methods to comply with this requirement, it is imperative that the review is prompt and complete. In almost all cases, the review requires personal meetings, either individually or in small groups, to thoroughly review the incident and recommend corrective actions. 

---