Green Chemistry References

This module covers references to material published in green chemistry and related fields and provides a simple search interface to retrieve references by key terms or by 

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Green chemistry refers to practices designed to prevent pollution and promote the sustainable use of natural resources. 

Green Chemistry Reference Sources Allows searching in a database for literature references to the four modules and other Green Chemistry references. 

Green chemistry refers to a recent move to make industrial chemistry environmentally friendly by, for instance, decreasing the amounts of toxic by-products and waste. 

The "Green chemistry references" module allows users to obtain toxicity and other data about a large number of chemicals and solvents. 

If the word green in green chemistry refers to fresh, young, and new, Organic Reactions in Water is a presentation of excellent research that emphasizes the spirit of invention and design from some of the leading chemists of our time. 

The terms green chemistry and environmentally benign synthesis have been coined to refer to procedures explicitly designed to minimize the for mation of byproducts that present disposal problems Both the National Science Foundation and the Envi ronmental Protection Agency have allocated a por tion of their grant budgets to encourage efforts m this vein... 

Biocatalysis refers to catalysis by enzymes. The enzyme may be introduced into the reaction in a purified isolated form or as a whole-cell micro-organism. Enzymes are highly complex proteins, typically made up of 100 to 400 amino acid units. The catalytic properties of an enzyme depend on the actual sequence of amino acids, which also determines its three-dimensional structure. In this respect the location of cysteine groups is particularly important since these form stable disulfide linkages, which hold the structure in place. This three-dimensional structure, whilst not directly involved in the catalysis, plays an important role by holding the active site or sites on the enzyme in the correct orientation to act as a catalyst. Some important aspects of enzyme catalysis, relevant to green chemistry, are summarized in Table 4.3. 

According to Parent, In 2001 there were no educational materials on green chemistry available to educators beyond technical reference books. By 2005 GCI in partnership with ACS Education had produced six green chemistry publications for chemical educators. Over 1,000 copies per year are distributed to customers. GCI receives requests for green chemistry educational materials from faculty around the world. Parent displayed a list of available education materials ... 

Chemistry of the Environment focuses on the role of chemistry in environmental issues, including air and water pollution, solid wastes, and the relatively new field of green chemistry. The term pollution refers to the release of harmful or ohjectionahle substances into the environment, most commonly as the result of human activities. Some of the most obvious examples of pollution are smoke produced by industrial operations, carbon dioxide and other gases released into the atmosphere as a by-product of burning fuels, silt and sediment washed off land by rainwater, and garbage dumped on land. 

How do we measnre success in the area of green chemistry The limited availability of raw materials, combined with environmental concerns, reqnire the inclusion of a new parameter to measure the quality of a chemical process. Trost has referred to this as atom economy (Trost, 1991). Often, however, these parameters are used to compare a new synthesis against what had been done previously, a comparison that, not snrprisingly, nsnally favors the more recent work. 

The third level of intention within this volume will be to supply specific, detailed information, and references, so that it will be a basic reference book for green chemistry solvents. This information will be on specific solvents and on discussions of their properties ( why they are appropriate). This information will have indices, so that it may be easily searched. 

This reference discusses new uses for UV and EB irradiation, the response of polymers to irradiation, and tests related to dosimetry and radiometry, as well as safety and hygiene. It is also fortified with new problems and worked solutions, in addition to useful figures and tables, and appendices with supplementary information on equipment manufacturers, raw materials suppliers, and principles of green chemistry and sustainability. 

Green Chemistry and Catalysis, R. A. Sheldon, I. W. C. E. Arends, and U. Hanefeld, Wiley-VCH 2007, 433 pp., ISBN 3-527-30715-9. An up-to-date advanced reference book, containing a collection of chapters on green chemistry applications in academia and industry. The subjects are ordered by reaction (oxidations, reductions, etc.) and are well presented. 

The power of green chemistry" is nicely illustrated by reference to the production of aromatic acids. Classical methods using chlorine or nitric acid have been largely displaced by catalytic oxidations with dioxygen (see Fig. 4.48). This leads to high atom utilization, low-salt technology, no chloro- or nitro-compounds as by-products and the use of a very cheap oxidant. 

Introduction to Green Chemistry by Matlack (22) [UM, GR]. This textbook contains hands-on activities and more than 5,000 references. 

The third component to many tenure and promotion decisions is often referred to as service . This has many definitions and is generally split into service for the college and service to the outside community. Green chemistry is being utilized as a way for chemists to reach out to the community in a positive way and to involve students in service learning type projects. Expansion of green chemistry into the K-12 curriculum has been fostered by outreach programs developed by many people. 

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