Green approach

Vemula, P.K. and John, G. (2008) Crops a green approach toward self-assembled soft materials. Accounts of Chemical Research, 41 (5), 769-782. 

Strauss CR (2009) A strategic, green approach to organic chemistry with microwave assistance and predictive yield optimization as core, enabling technologies. Aust J Chem 62(1) 3-15... 

Gao SJ, Tsai CH, Yao CF (2009) A simple and green approach for the synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo a xanthen-ll-one derivatives using tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride in water. Synlett 949-954... 

V. Desvergnes-Breuil, C. Pinel, and P. Gallezot, Green approach to substituted carbohydrates Telomerisation of butadiene with sucrose, Green Chem., 3 (2001) 175-177. 

The 12 principles of green chemistry proposed by Anastas and Warner1 address mainly aspects of synthetic chemistry the idea of green analytical chemistry was conceived only later.7-8 At first, it did not catch on, but as the green chemistry movement has gained in momentum, the green approach to analytical chemistry has become a key part of green chemistry. 

Sharma, S.K., Mudhoo, A., Jain, G., and Sharma, J. 2009b. Inhibitory effects of Ocimum tenui-florum (Tulsi) on the corrosion of zinc in sulphuric acid A green approach. RASAYAN Journal of Chemistry, 2 332-339. 

Decontamination of Toxic Metals from Wastewater—A Green Approach... 

Hydrophilicity is an important criterion for the use of synthetic polymers. Existing methods for surface modihcation of synthetic hbers are costly and complex. Therefore, the enzymatic surface modihcation of synthetic hbers is a new and green approach to synthesize polymers with improved surface properties. Use of enzymes for surface modihcation of polymers will not only minimize the use of hazardous chemicals but also minimize the environment pollution load. Besides these, the enzyme-modihed polymers can also immobilize those enzymes which can only bind to the selective functional groups present on the polymeric surface such as —COOH and —NH2. Similarly, substrates can immobilize on the solid matrix (or polymer), which will be easily accessible to the enzymes. Genetic engineering can be employed for the modihcation of active sites of enzymes for better polymer catalysis. 

Nadir, U.K. and Singh, A. 2005. Microwave-induced clay-catalyzed ring opening of A-tosylaziridines A green approach to achiral and chiral diamines. Tetrahedron Letters, 46 2083-86. 

Shu-Jiang and co-workers [76] have developed a green approach for the synthesis of biologically important indeno[2,l-c]pyrazolo[5,4-/7]pyridines 36 via a MCR of a suitable aldehyde, 3-methyl-l-phenyl-l//-pyrazol-5-amine and 1,3-indane-dione in water under microwave irradiation without the aid of any catalyst. This protocol has the prominent advantages of being environmentally benign and having... 

A green approach for the synthesis of polyfimctionalized pyrazolo[4, 3 5,6]pyrido [2,3-rfl-pyrimidines 60 was elaborated by Tu and co workers [104] via a MCR of an aromatic aldehyde, a 3-methyl-1-phenyl-l//-pyrazol-5-amine and 1-methylbarbituric acid in water under microwave irradiation without catalyst. The yield of this reaction was affected by the volume of water. This protocol could be applied to aromatic aldehydes with either electron-withdrawing or electron-donating groups and also to heterocychc aldehydes giving excellent yields (Scheme 44). 

Feng S, Yan Z, Shu-Jiang T et al (2008) A green approach to the synthesis of biologically important indeno[2, l-e]pyrazolo[5, 4-b]pyridines via microwave-assisted multi-component reactions in water. Chin J Chem 26 1262-1266... 

Shi F, Ma N, Zhou D et al (2010) Green approach to the synthesis of polyfunctionalized pyrazolo[4, 3 5, 6] pyrido[2, 3-d]pyrimidines via microwave-assisted multi-component reactions in water without catalyst. Synth Commun 40 135-143... 

Perozo-Rondon E, Costarrosa L, Martin-Aranda RM (2006) Microwave enhanced synthesis of N-propargyl derivatives of imidazole A green approach for the preparation of fungicidal compounds. Appl Surf Sci 252 6067-6070... 

Many other green approaches to oxidation that avoid the generation of metal by-products entirely are also under active investigation. 

Another example of a green approach to first-year chemistry laboratory is the use of green analytical methods to analyze water samples taken from the field. Liz Gron at Hendrix College has pioneered this approach (27). This work will be discussed fully in Chapter 7 of this volume. 

Guerrero-Sanchez C, Lobert M, Hoogenboom R et al (2007) Microwave-assisted homogeneous polymerizations in water-soluble ionic liquids an alternative and green approach for polymer synthesis. Macromol Rapid Commun 28 456 64... 

Shinde PS, Shinde SS, Renge AS et al (2009) An efficient synthesis of raloxifene in ionic liquid a green approach. Lett Org Chem 6 8-10... 

Yadav JS, Reddy BVS, Shubashree S, Sadashiv K, Naidu JJ (2004) Ionic bquids-promoted multicomponent reaction green approach for highly substituted 2-anunofuran derivatives. 

Wei X, Wang K, Chen J (2011) The functional inorganic composites. Prog Chem 23 42-52 Rinki K, Shipra T, Dutta PK et al (2009) Direct chitosan scaffold formation via chitin whiskers by a supercritical carbon dioxide method a green approach. J Mater Chem 19 8651-8655... 

An efficient and green approach was developed to prepare 6-aryl-2,4-diamino-l,3,5-triazines 232 from the corresponding arylnitriles and dicyandiamide 231 in an ionic liquid l-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophos-phate ([bmimllFFg]) under computer-controlled microwave irradiation (Equation 28). Particularly valuable... 

Alkene-functionalized linear polymers, such as the polyether-thioether described in Figure 3.9, was prepared by thiol-ene click step-growth polymerization using a fast, efficient, and green approach for the synthesis of macromonomers with a variety of functionalities. 

During the 1990s, two truly novel green approaches to industrial solvents began to mature. One of these involves tbe use of ionic liquids and tbe other supercritical carbon dioxide. The term ionic liquids almost suggests an oxymoron (internal inconsistency). One normally... 

Many reports have focused on the functionalization and derivatization of cyclo-pentadienyl groups bound to iron in ferrocene complexes. As an example, a series of ferrocenyl esters have been prepared via solvent-free reactions of ferrocenoyl fluoride with substituted phenols after microwave heating for just 1 min. " In the case of 4-bromophenol, the YIF was 1.2, but most substrates gave somewhat lower yields than the conventional method. However, the microwave approach did not require the addition of A, A -dimethylaminopyridine that was necessary conventionally. Other reports include a green approach to the acylation of ferrocene using the polymeric sulfonic acid Nation as an acid catalyst " and a one-pot approach to the synthesis of l,5-dioxo-3-substituted[5]ferrocenophanes from l,T-diacetylferrocene and aldehydes via a Claisen-Schmidt reaction. " " ... 

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