Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry

R. W. "Determination of Lead In Whole Blood by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry". Amer. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. (1974), 566-570. 

Klinkhammer [432] has described a method for determining manganese in a seawater matrix at concentrations ranging from about 30 to 5500 ng/1. The samples are extracted with 4 nmol/1 8-hydroxyquinoline in chloroform, and the manganese in the organic phase is then back-extracted into 3 M nitric acid. The manganese concentrations are determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The blank of the method is about 3.0 ng/1, and the precision from duplicate analyses is 9% (1 SD). 

When the samples were returned to the laboratory the pH was adjusted to approximately pH 8 using concentrated ammonia (Ultrapure, G. Frederick Smith). Chelating cation exchange resin in the ammonia form (20 ml Chelex 100,100 - 200 mesh, Bio-Rad) was added to the samples and they were batch extracted on a shaker table for 36 hours. The resin was decanted into columns, and the manganese eluted using 2N nitric acid [129]. The eluant was then analysed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Replicate analyses of samples indicate a precision of about 5%. 

Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry has been used for the determination down to 5 ng/1 inorganic and organic mercury in seawater [61]. The method used a preliminary preconcentration of mercury using the ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate-chloroform system. A recovery of 85 - 86% of mercury was reproducibly obtained in the first chloroform extract and consequently it was possible to calibrate the method on this basis. A standard deviation of 2.6% was obtained on a seawater sample containing 529 ng/1 mercury. 

Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) has been shown to be a versatile technique for the detection of low levels of tin, reproducibly over a wide linear working range and was the method of analysis used in this study (10,11). 

The GECE sensors were used for lead determination in real water samples suspected to be contaminated with lead obtained from water suppliers. The same samples were previously measured by three other methods a potentiometric FIA system with a lead ion-selective-electrode as detector (Pb-ISE) graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP). The results obtained for lead determination are presented in Table 7.1. The accumulation times are given for each measured sample in the case of DPASV. Calibration plots were used to determine the lead concentration. GEC electrode results were compared with each of the above methods by using paired -Test. The results obtained show that the differences between the results of GECE compared to other methods were not significant. The improvement of the reproducibility of the methods is one of the most important issues in the future research of these materials. 

Table 7.1 shows the results obtained along with those given by using the graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). 

Tills and Alloway [113] investigated the speciation of lead in soil solution using a fractionation scheme, ion exchange chromatography and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Soils from four sites were selected (Snertingdal in Norway, Pen Craig-ddu in Dyfed, Wales, Velvet Bottom... 

One of the most challenging aspects of atomic spectrometry is the incredibly wide variety of sample types that require elemental analysis. Samples cover the gamut of solids, liquids, and gases. By the nature of most modem spectrochemical methods, the latter two states are much more readily presented to sources that operate at atmospheric pressure. The most widely used of these techniques are flame and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS and GF-AAS) [1,2] and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission and mass spectrometries (ICP-AES and MS) [3-5]. As described in other chapters of this volume, ICP-MS is the workhorse technique for the trace element analysis of samples in the solution phase—either those that are native liquids or solids that are subjected to some sort of dissolution procedure. 

Ebdon, L. and Lechotycki, A., The determination of lead in environmental samples by slurry atomization-graphite furnace-atomic absorption spectrophotometry using matrix modification, Micmchemical J., 34, 340-348, 1986. 

Subjects were not allowed to eat or drink anything else during the test period. Samples of plasma were collected after a 12-hour fast and hourly for 4 hours postdose. Plasma samples were analyzed for manganese content using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (Friedman, et al., J. Hutr. In press.) Consecutive tests in the same subjects were separated by a minimum of 14 days, since preliminary testing indicated no residual effect of the manganese dose after this time interval. 

Barto R, Sips AJAM, van der Vijgh WJF, et al. 1995. Sensitive method for analysis of strontium in human and animal plasma by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Clin Chem 41(8) 1159-1163. 

Chakraborti D, Burguera M and Burguera JL (1993) Analysis of standard reference materials after microwave-oven digestion in open vessels using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry and Zeeman-effect background correction. Fresenius J Anal Chem 347 233-237. 

Therefore the sampled plants were not cleaned from adhering soil and dust particles, because animals harvesting these plants as fodder do not clean them either. This procedure is recommended if the entry of contaminants into the nutrition chain is under consideration (Markert, 1995). After a microwave digestion the samples were analyzed using Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (GFAAS). Approximately 9% of the sampled plants were contaminated with arsenic >2 ppm (Fig. 5). 

Curtis, P. R., and Grusovin, J. (1985). Determination of molybdenum in plant tissue by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (GFAAS). Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 16 1279-91. 

G8. Gross, S. B., and Parkinson, E. S., Analyses of metab in human tissues using base, THAM (tetramethylammonium hydroxide) digests and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Interface 3, 10 (1974) At. Absorption Newslett. 13, 107-108 (1974). 

Introducing both flame and graphite furnace-atomic absorption spectrophotometry and showing how these determinative techniques relate to TEQA... 

Among the common metal ions, only aluminum and cobalt gave peaks when complexed with 8-quinolinol and eluted with SDS-acetonitrile mobile phases. However, the peaks appeared very close to each other with spectrophotometric detection (Fig. 12.2). The selective determination of aluminum was only possible with fluorimetric detection. The addition of SDS as well as several other surfactants to the aluminum complex solution, increased the fluorescence intensity. The procedure did not require deproteinization prior to analysis. The most commonly used technique for aluminum in human serum is graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry, which is often limited due to serum matrix interference. 

An analytical laboratory can analyze the dust from either a wipe or a vacuum cleaner bag using ICP (inductively coupled plasma) spectroscopy for about 25. Other methods that are used are flame or graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS or GFAAS) and energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (XRF). ... 

Grosser, Z., Ed. Techniques in Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry Perkin-Elmer Corp., Spectroscopy Div Ridgefield, CT, 1985. 

Lead in whole blood and plasma was measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (Perkin-Elmer 2380 and HGA 400) using the method of Fernandez and Hilligoss (1982). Standards and blanks were matrix-matched with test samples. Analyses on each batch of lead drinking solution were within 3% of the nominal value. Laboratory analytical quality was monitored by the UK External Quality Assurance Scheme (UKEQAS). 

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