Graphic panels

Example of a graphic panel for a modem industrial plant with a computer-controlled system. (Courtesy of C. F. Braun and Company.)... 

Instrumentation and control. Operation of a fluid cracking unit is simplified by the use of automatic controls. As a further aid, graphic panel-boards are sometimes employed which utilize small indicating instruments located at the appropriate positions in a simplified flow diagram of the process (68,309). Audible and visual alarms, as well as automatic controls for emergency shutdown of the unit, are often provided (202). 

Many of the controls are sequential and on-off thus, the control philosophy is particularly amenable to PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), PC (Personal Computer), or Distributive Microprocessor Controls. Proportioning controls can be easily incorporated into such a system. A Graphic Panel Display with digital indicating and recording modes will add clarity for the operators of the plant. 

During the 1950s another innovation took place with the introduction of electronic controllers that used vacuum tubes. It was not until 1960 that reliable, solid-state electronic controllers were developed and electronic semigraphic panels replaced the large, overhead graphic panels. 

The MCP houses the entire system control package including the system PLC, graphic panel lights, enunciator, selector switches as well as monitors. The remote input/output (1/O) or LCP are provided on each skid for interacting with the MCP via the PLC. All... 

Concerning graphics panels, functionality alone was in the foreground until now, but today the look and the ease of use must also convince. This becomes apparent when prompted to implement a combination of different display sizes. Like their... 

Operation of the liquefier, in view of the rather complex cycle, is surprisingly simple. Asstatedbefore, operation is, except for some minor controls, performed entirely from a control room. This control room is equipped with a graphic panel, which gives the operator a picture of his process. All controls necessary for... 

The control room is also equipped with a temperature console where as many as 140 temperature points in the cold boxes can be read. Any 12 of these points can be recorded continuously and give us the means to follow and chart dynamic conditions of plant components. In addition to controls, the graphic panel has a number of flow recording devices, which make it possible to make up daily material balances and production records of the plant. 

Data-collection instruments and the transducers that drive the miniature pneumatic slave recorders on the graphic panel are located in an auxiliary instrument gallery beneath the main control room, as are a 548-point thermocouple patch panel, a relay panel, the nuclear-instrument amplifiers, and the nuclear-instrument power supplies. 

The reactor control room is apart from the reactor building and is out of the radioactivity control area A computer system is highly introduced, and layouts of the instruments and the color graphic panels in the control room are considered so as to improve the operability of the components of not only the instrumentation and control systems but also the reactor cooling systems Photograph 1 shows a control console and instrumentation racks in the control room, and Fig 2 the layout of control console... 

The block diagram accompanies each front panel and contains the graphical program. 

Three attributes characterize color hue, lighmess (or value), and saturation (or chroma) and they are graphically represented in color solids (e.g., Munsell solid. Hunter solid). The Munsell Color Notation is a rapid, portable, widespread, and economical system of color determination. However, as it depends on sensory evaluation by panels, many laboratories prefer when possible to replace human judgment by instrumental techniques that are easier to handle. The CIELAB established by the Commission International d Eclairage (CIE) has become widely used with the availability of reflectance spectrophotometric instrumentation. 

When there are many samples and many attributes the comparison of profiles becomes cumbersome, whether graphically or by means of analysis of variance on all the attributes. In that case, PCA in combination with a biplot (see Sections 17.4 and 31.2) can be a most effective tool for the exploration of the data. However, it does not allow for hypothesis testing. Figure 38.8 shows a biplot of the panel-average QDA results of 16 olive oils and 7 appearance attributes. The biplot of the... 

Methods for the instrumental measurement of whiteness are well established but visual comparison remains important, even in well-equipped laboratories. Some degree of quantification is achieved by the method of paired comparisons, in which a panel of observers is presented with pairs of FBA-treated samples and asked to decide, without undue delay, which is the brighter. The total of positive scores can be used as a measure of whiteness and the results presented graphically as shown in Figure 11.7. Although time-... 

Process control, valves and control panels should be easily accessible and viewable. ASTM standard F-l 166 provides graphical charts for the physical means to view and operable controls and instruments. 

The right panel of Figure 4-39 shows measurements and fitted curve, the left displays graphically the development of ssq and mp. The markers represent ssq for each iteration and the markers the Marquardt parameter, both on a logarithmic scale. Increase in ssq results in an increase of mp. The final mp= 0 cannot be displayed on the logarithmic plot. 

FIGURE 10 The graphical instrument control panel of the ChemStation. 

The problem they chose for their prototype is part of the life support system, specifically the portion that removes COg from the cabin atmosphere. This system already has been constructed, and NASA engineers are already familiar with its operation and how it can fail. Using this information they were able to build as part of their knowledge base a simple simulation for the modes of failure of each of the components in the system. The life support system is modular, in that portions of it can be replaced, once a problem has been isolated. The graphical representation chosen for the instrument schematic and panel is shown in Figure 3. 

Meanwhile, the Graphic Arts people were arranging their photographic equipment. Several 35 mm cameras stood just outside sliding panels in the walls. The camera operators would open them periodically to record a few minutes of Technicolor volunteer action. Lloyd Matter was making last-minute adjustments of his TV cameras and the monitors that would help us keep track of what the men were doing. My bed and traction equipment were in place. Aspirin, codeine and faithful nurses would get me through the weekend. 

In addition to the abbreviated LCD display on the fire alarm panel, an annunciator should be provided to graphically display facility conditions in all areas. Often this annunciator is an additional panel provided with the fire alarm system, which contains a graphic display or representation of the plant or area being monitored as well as illumination capabilities which identify the status of all monitored plant areas. 

More and more commonly, fire alarm panel data is transferred to a safety instrumented system (SIS) for graphic annunciation though the SIS human-machine interface (HMI). 

A main control and annunciator panel should be installed when the fire alarm system requires more than a single alarm zone. The panel should be installed in the control room or other continuously staffed location. Separate detection zones should be provided for each distinct fire area and identified by a permanent label. A detailed map of the area should also be provided at the annunciator that identifies which zone relates to which annunciator lamp. Systems with more than ten separate zones should be provided with an electric or electroniczone "mimic" panel showingthe location of all alarms on the graphic display of the platform. Basic arrangements of equipment and system design should be in accordance with NFPA 72. A locked main fire panel and control cabinet should be provided. 

Fig. 4.2 In Panel A, the effects of CRT on NYHA class is shown for three trials, all of which shared similar entry criteria and a 6-month randomized, double-blind study duration. In each graphic, control (no CRT) is represent in open boxes and patient treated with CRT (CRT) in hashed boxes. Panel B represents the effect of CRT on 6-min hall walk distance and Panel C represents the peak oxygen consumption on cardiopulmonary exercise testing...

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