Cocci

Specific bacteriostatic activity against Escherichia coli (681, 896, 899), Staphylococcus aureus (681, 896), Cocci (900), Shigella dysenteriae (681), Salmonella ryphi (681), Proteus vulgaris (681), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (681), Streptococcus (889, 901, 902) and Pneumococcus (901-904). 

Clindamycin has found use in the treatment of common infections caused by gram-positive cocci It is also efficacious in the treatment of anaerobic infections, including actinomycosis (38). Clindamycin has been shown to be active against strains of P/asmodiumin animals (66—68). 

Kokken, m.pl. (Bact.) cocci. -ketten, /.pi. (Baet.) streptococci. 

Except Ps. aeruginosa. All penicillins show some degree of activity against Gram-negative cocci. 

Gram-positive cocci 6.2 Mechanisms of fungal resistance... 

Gram-positive cocci Cefazolin SO mg/mL or Vancomycin 15-50 mg/mL first hour, then every 1 S minutes to 1 hour around the clock... 

Gram-negative cocci Non-tuberculous mycobacteria Nocardia Ceftriaxone 50 mg/mL or Ceftazidime 50 mg/mL or Fluoroquinolones 3 mg/mL Amikacin 20-40 mg/mL or Oral clarithromycin 500 mg every 12 hours Amikacin 20-40 mg/mL or Trimethoprim 16 mg/mL and sulfamethoxazole 80 mg/mL wearers as indicated... 

Pneumonia owing to aspiration of oral contents is caused by a variety of anaerobes (Bacteroides spp., Fusobacterium spp., Prevotella spp., and anaerobic gram-positive cocci), as well as Streptococcus spp. M. catarrhalis and Eikenella corrodens may be involved, but much less frequently.14,15 When gastric contents are aspirated, then enteric gram-negative bacilli and Staphylococcus aureus are more commonly the pathogens.15... 

The pathogenesis of diabetic foot infection stems from three key factors neuropathy, angiopathy, and immunopathy. Aerobic gram-positive cocci, such as S. aureus and P-hemolytic streptococci, are the predominant pathogens in acutely infected diabetic foot ulcers. However, chronically infected wounds are subject to polymicrobial infection and require treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics. 

Hoen B. Special issues in the management of infective endocarditis caused by gram-positive cocci. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2002 16 437-452. 

Liver E. coli, Klebsiella, enterococci anaerobic cocci Bacteroides (infrequent)... 

The patient has continued hypotension despite previous intervention. Continued hypoxia has led to mechanical ventilation. The patient s serum creatinine has risen to 6.8 mg/dl. Blood cultures reveal gram-positive cocci and lactose-negative oxidase-positive gram-negative rods. 

Murdoch, D. Magee, J. A numerical taxonomic study of the Gram-positive anaerobic cocci. /. Med. Microbiol. 1995,43,148-155. 

Figure 2.5 Leeuwenhoek s drawings of bacteria. Here may be seen cocci, bacilli and (probably) a spirochete. The motion of one of the bacali is clearly indicated. Today such observations are commonplace. But Leeuwenhoek w as seeing them for the first time in the history of the human race it was as momentous a discovery as that of Columbus -a new world ...

The spherical bacteria (singular, coccus plural, cocci) divide in one, two, or three planes, producing pairs or chains, clusters, or packets of cells. Some are apparently perfect, spheres others are slightly elongated or ellipsoidal in shape. 

Rifaximin selected resistant Gram-positive cocci mutants more easily under aerobic conditions than in an anaerobic atmosphere [46, 48]. In comparison with Gram-positive microorganisms, drug-resistant Gramnegative bacilli were rarely detected [46, 48],... 

Two studies compared the effect of rifaximin to that of neomycin and/or of rifampicin [72, 73] on the fecal flora in rats. In the first study [72] the antibiotic (1, 10, 30 and 100 mg/kg orally for 7 days) did inhibit both aerobic (especially coliforms and cocci) and anaerobic bacterial growth. Its activity was similar to that of neomycin and stronger than that of rifampicin. In the second investigation [73] the antibiotic effect on aerobic microorganisms was specifically investigated. Oral rifaximin treatment (50 mg/kg for 3 days) caused a marked reduction in the number of total aerobic bacteria and salmonellae, while neomycin led only to a decrease in salmonella counts, but did not cause statistically significant changes in the total aerobic bacterial population. 

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