Gonads, male

Gy, 5 species Dead rodents had histopathology of lymph nodes, thymus, bone marrow, liver, lung, and gonads male survivors had atrophied testes 26... 

Singh SK, Pandey RS. 1989. Gonadal toxicity of short term chronic endosulfan exposure to male rats. Indian J Exp Biol 27 341-346. 

Spironolactone is an antiandrogen which blocks androgen-receptors, alters steroidogenesis by adrenals and gonads and inhibits 5-a reductase. In doses of 100-200 mg daily it reduces sebum production and improves inflammatory acne in women. During treatment, birth control measures are required due to the risk of male fetus feminization. 

Hayes, T. (2005). Comment on. Gonadal development of larval male Xenopus laevis exposed to atrazine in outdoor microcosms. Environmental Science and Technology 39, 7757-7758. 

Hart CA, Nisbet IC, Kennedy SW, Hahn ME. 2003. Gonadal feminization and halogenated environmental contaminants in Common Terns (Sterna hirundo) evidence that ovotestes in male embryos do not persist to the prefledging stage. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 12 125-140. 

A previously unexplained observation of a link between nose and gonads — the so-called naso-genital relationship — can now be placed in context. Removal of the relay site for the pump-regulator (see above) by extirpation of the sphenopalatine ganglion was found to result in a state of pseudo-pregnancy (Rosen et al, 1940). Interruption of stimulus access would clearly prevent most uptake through loss of control over the pump. A diestrous state would be induced (Sec. 5.3 below) attributable to the lack of male urinary semiochemicals. 

The influence of gonadal hormones on prepubertal animals suggests some steroidal sensitivity in adults with regard to F. elicitation. Young male sheep are induced to perform F. in response to exogenous T and to 17-p-estradiol F. in female red deer is also sensitive to T injections (Parrott, 1978 Fletcher, 1978). Sex differences can interact with the hormonal state where social conditions vary. Female cats (intact) display F. to urine marks only in the absence of males testosterone propionate induced F. in spayed females towards estrous females (Verbeme, 1976 Hart and Leedy, 1987), whereas an ovarian hormone (estradiol) failed to elicit F. to males (intact, and sexually inactive), presumably indicative of social inhibition overriding steroid facilitation. 

Adamopoulos D.A., Kontogeorgos L., Vassilopoulos P., Kapolla N., et al. (1992). Effects of induced peripheral anosmia on gonadal maturation in prepubertal male rabbits. Int J Androl 15, 246-254. 

Thor D.H. (1978). Gonadal testosterone and perineal sniffing behavior of the male rat. Behav Biol 24, 256-264. 

Decreases in sperm motility and increased acid phosphatase activity were reported to result from oral administration of 0.05 mg/kg lead in drinking water to male rats for 20-30 days in a study from the former U.S.S.R. (Krasovskii et al. 1979). Dystrophic changes of the Leydig cells were reported in gonadal tissues of rats exposed to doses as low as 0.005 mg lead/kg/day. The weaknesses of the study include absence of data on the strain and number of rats used, and the fact that PbB levels were not reported. 

---