Gold screen-printed electrodes

Moreover, disposable electrochemical sensors for the detection of a specific sequence of DNA were realised by immobilising synthetic single-stranded oligonucleotides onto a graphite or a gold screen-printed electrode. Tire probes became hybridised with different concentrations of complementary sequences present in the sample. 

Levodopa (2-amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-propanoic acid) (IV) is administered to Parkinson s sufferers to alleviate the reduced levels of dopamine commonly seen in such patients. Dopamine itself is not administered, as this compound cannot cross the blood-brain barrier unlike levodopa which is then converted in the body to dopamine [137]. Bergamini et al. [138] have utilised a gold screen-printed electrode as a sensor for monitoring levodopa both in stationary solution and in flow systems. This was achieved by using the oxidation of levodopa at +0.63 V in acetate buffer pH 3.0. A linear response was reported from 9.9 x 10-5 to 1.2x10 3M and an associated detection limit of 6.8 x 10-5M. The sensor was successfully used to detect the levodopa... 

Lanyon Y. H., Tothill 1. E., and Mascini M., An amperometric bacterial biosensor based on gold screen-printed electrodes for the detection of benzene. Anal. Lett., 39, 1-13,... 

Au/SPE gold screen-printed electrode nanoAu-GEC nanogold graphite-epoxy composite. 

Masawat and Slater have presented the FIA method for determination of tetracyclines (tetracycline, chlortetracycline, and oxytetracycline) in chicken and shrimp meats and pharmaceutical samples [52]. The electrochemical oxidation of analytes was performed using a gold screen-printed electrode and good detection limits were achieved, 0.96,0.58, and 0.35)imoll for tetracycline, chlortetracycline, and oxytetracycUne, respectively. Moreover, some advantages of the screen-printed electrodes were highlighted such as potential for miniaturization, reliability, portability, low cost, simplicity of construction, and operation. 

An example of the selective detection of E. coli involved an impedimetric immunosensor developed using SAM-modified gold screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) [27]. In this... 

Alonso-Lomillo MA, Yardimci C, Dominguez-Renedo O, Hemandez-Martin A, Arcos-Martinez MJ (2009) CYP450 2B4 covalently attaehed to earbon and gold screen printed electrodes by diazrmirtm salt and thiols. Anal Chim Acta 633 51—56... 

F. Darain, S.-U. Park and Y.-B. Shim, Disposable amperometric immunosensor system for rabbit IgG using a conducting polymer modified screen-printed electrode, Biosens. Bioelectron., 18 (2003) 773-780. M. Dequaire, C. Degrand and B. Limoges, An electrochemical metal-loimmunoassay based on a colloidal gold label, Anal. Chem., 72 (2000) 5521-5528. 

For the detection different electrode supports and a great variety of immobilization procedures have been used. Gold electrodes, screen-printed electrodes and carbon materials (such as graphite and glassy carbon) have been frequently used. The sensing phase is constructed onto the surface of the electrode by means... 

Fig. 4. (A) Photograph of screen-printed gold and carbon electrode with the three-electrode system including a carbon-based counter electrode and Ag/AgCI-based inner reference electrode. (B) Photograph of a typical electrochemical setup with a computer-controlled potentiostat connected to a screen-printed electrode (SPE).

Figure 7.1 Label-free voltammetric detection of aptamer-protein interactions. (A) The electrochemical oxidation response from the guanine bases in the aptamer is observed at about 1 V (peak G) on the surface of the screen-printed electrodes. (The inset shows gold and carbon-based screen-printed electrodes with a three-electrode system.) (B) After the binding event with the target protein, an oxidation signal appears at about 0.6 V (peak P), and the oxidation signal of the aptamer decreases.

AuE gold electrode CCPE chitosan-entrapped carbon paste electrode CV cyclic voltammetry 3D-CPNE three-dimensional conducting polymer nanorods electrodes DPASV differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry DPV differential pulse voltammetry GCE glassy carbon electrode SPE screen-printed electrode SWV square wave voltammetry. 

ASV anodic stripping voltammetry ATP adenosine triphosphate AuE gold electrode CV cyclic voltammetry DPV dififerential pulse voltammetry DPASV differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry GCE assy carbon electrode MFE, mercury film electrode NPGE nanoporous gold electrode SPE screen-printed electrode. 

The most employed inks for the fabrication of screen-printed electrodes are made of carbon, gold, platinum, or silver. Nevertheless, other materials can be easily used. 

The most of screen-printed electrodes employed as transducers of genosensors are made of carbon or gold inks. Further sections detail the most used probe immobilization strategies in these types of electrodes. 

The topics discussed in the book include electrochemical detection of DNA hybridization based on latex/gold nanoparticles and nanotubes nanomaterial-based electrochemical DNA detection electrochemical detection of microorganism-based DNA biosensor gold nanoparticle-based electrochemical DNA biosensors electrochemical detection of the aptamer-target interaction nanoparticle-induced catalysis for DNA biosensing basic terms regarding electrochemical DNA (nucleic acids) biosensors screen-printed electrodes for electrochemical DNA detection application of field-effect transistors to label-free electrical DNA biosensor arrays and electrochemical detection of nucleic acids using branched DNA amplifiers. 

Other attachment integrations on a paper microfluidic sensor are required in terms of various detecting appUcatimis. Screen-printed electrodes are fabricated on a filter paper for electrochenucal signal detection. In another study, gold nanoparticles are deposited on paper detecting region as the colorimetric indicator for molecular marker and DNA detection [3]. 

RP-HPLC, reversed-phase HPLC IPAD, integrated pulse amperometric detection Au, gold working electrode pSPE, pre-anodlzed screen printed electrode. 

Metiers, J.P., Kadara, R.O. and Banks, CJi. (2012) Electroanalytical sensing of chromium(III) and (VI) utilising gold screen printed macro electrodes. Analyst, 137, 896. 

Wang, J., Tian, B., 1993a. Mercury-free disposable lead sensors based on potentiometric stripping analysis at gold-coated screen-printed electrodes. Anal. Chem. 65, 1529-1532. 

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