Trade-offs between goals

Achieving the best trade-off between technological progress and the affordability of drugs remains a chaUen-ging goal."... 

Under capitalism, the self-actualization of man occurs at the expense of that of individual men. The collective labourer achieves perfection at the expense of the crippling of the individual worker. In communism self-actualization of men is the supreme value, and no such sacrifices can be tolerated. Above all we must avoid postulating society again as an abstraction pis-rf-w s the individual." Yet Marx clearly believed that through the self-actualization of the individuals under communism there would also occur an unprecedented flowering of humanity. Moreover, he seemed to take it for granted that under communism there could be no conflict or trade-off between these two goals. 1 want to question this view. 

Once the overall goal has been selected, a feature must be selected that is both related to this goal and amenable to measurement (i.e. a measurement end-point). Natural systems are often variable, so measurement end-points need to be selected that are as low in variability as possible. In practice, this may mean aggregating some data, such as information on individual species, so that a trade-off between useful biological information and low variability is obtained (Stow el al., 1998). 

Most methodologies fall between the various extremes given above, but the goal of an audit system with an optimum trade-off between breadth, depth tmd time is probably not realizable. A better practical course would be to select several instruments and use them together to provide the specific breadth and depth required for a particular application. 

Ultimately, the goal is to understand the trade-off between cost and customer service. Transportation management software strikes a balance between what customers want and what the carriers can deliver (Michel 1997). 

The integration of novel membrane separation techniques into hydrogen and power plants vith CO2 capture offers the potential for improved performance and economics. However, the optimal integration and operation of membranes invariably involves a trade-off between capital and operating costs that cannot be assessed by considering the membrane in isolation its effect on the entire plant must be carefully evaluated. The goal of minimizing... 

On the other hand, concentration on cost minimization as a single objective will lead to reduced variety to minimal mode (8 varieties) which is unexpected for managers and cannot meet the customer satisfaction and market demand. The results distinguish existent trade-off between objectives clearly and accentuate that product variety goal should be considered as multi-objective model. In fact, the model with optimization objectives under constraints has provided the best results inclusive fewer costs, higher product variety and quality in which aligned with decision maker s preferences. 

In contrast, problems with conflicting goals, usually ends with a set of alternatives, where no single solution is available, known as the Pareto optimal. The Pareto optimality set is produced to visualise the trade-off between the objectives through the set of the selected design alternatives, and consequently, a human decision making is required to express preferences between the alternative solutions and to cany on from the point where mathematical tools end. 

The urgent and immediate needs that arise following a natural disaster can affect long-term goals because of trade-offs between quick response times and long-term... 

The future state, or how a supply chain process will be performed in the future. Determined after examining trade-offs between an ideal goal (greenfield) and constraints standing in the way of implementing that ideal. Chapter 12... 

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