Glutamic acid plasma concentration

The concentration of anunonia refers to the total anunonia, that is NH3 plus NH4L For comparison, the concentration of ATP in the cell is 10 nunol/L, that of glucose 6-phosphate is 0.5 nunol/L and that of the amino acid glutamate in plasma is 0.02 nunol/L. 

Mechanism of Action An alcohol abuse deterrent that appears to interact with glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid neurotransmitter systems centrally, restoring their balance. Therapeutic Effect Reduces alcohol dependence. Pharmacokinetics Slowly absorbed from the G1 tract. Steady-state plasma concentrations are reached within 5 days. Does not undergo metabolism. Excreted in urine. Half-life 20-33 hr. 

In a study of plasma concentrations of 33 amino acids, 159 subjects were recruited, of whom 107 were ecstasy users (93). The subjects were grouped according to cumulative lifetime use under 100 tablets (n = 34), 100-499 tablets (n = 42), 500-2500 tablets (n = 30), abstinent subjects (n = 11), and never users (n = 41). All were ecstasy free for at least 3 days, as verified by toxicological analysis. In 49% of the users, the time to the last use of ecstasy was 1 month or less. There were significant reductions in the serum concentrations of phosphoserine, glutamate, citrul-line, methionine, tyrosine, and histidine. Based on findings from other studies, the authors speculated that the reductions in serine and methionine may underlie psychosis associated with the use of ecstasy. Reduced glutamate may also add to the burden of psychiatric symptoms in ecstasy users. 

Factor X is a plasma protein involved in both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of blood coagulation. Factor X has a mass of 55kDa and the activated Xa of 40kDa. The normal concentration in plasma is 6-8 pg/ml. Post-translational modifications of the protein involve y-carboxylation of specific glutamic acid residues, 3-hydroxylation of one aspartic acid residue, and N- and 0-linked glycosylation. 

Up to then glutamic acid has always been considered as the main amino acid in boar semen and indeed, also according to our determinations the concentration of glutamic acid in boar seminal plasma is about twice as high as that of hypotaurine (the average values of 15 samples were 4.8 and 2.2 mg % respectively). Inside the spermatozoa, however, hypotaurine was the most important amino acid it dominated by far. 

Citruiiine is formed from glutamine, glutamic acid, and proline in the intestine. Plasma citruiiine concentration reflects intestinal metabolic function and has recently been introduced as a potential marker for (reduced) enterocyte mass. 

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