Glial cell differentiation

A second type of mechanism is illustrated by the malic enzyme and fatty synthetase systems. In such systems the effect of T3 on the accumulation of the specific mRNAs does not seem to depend only on direct gene activation by the T3-nuclear receptor. An amplification post-transcriptional mechanism seems to contribute to the accumulation of the specific mRNAs. Stabilization of the mRNA level is also differently modulated by other hormones and by the diet. 

Oppenheimer. J.H. (1983) In Molecular Basis of Thyroid Hormone Action. (Oppenheimer J.H. and Samuels H.H., eds.) pp. 1-34. Academic Press, New York. 

Hamada, S., Torizuka, K., Mikyake, T. and Fusaze, M. (1970) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 201,479-492. 

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Purinergic signalling is also concerned with longterm events, such as cell proliferation, migration, differentiation and death associated with development and regeneration [1, 3, 4]. For example, a,(3-methylene ATP produces proliferation of glial cells, whereas adenosine inhibits proliferation. A p2y8 receptor was... 

Ahn SY, Cho CH, Park KG, Lee HI, Lee S, Park SK, Lee IK, Koh GY (2004) Tumor necrosis factor-alpha induces fractaUdne expression preferentially in arterial endothelial cells and mithramycin A suppresses TNF-alpha-induced fractaUdne expression. Am J Pathol 164 1663-1672 Alfano M, Schmidtmayerova H, Amelia CA, Pushkarsky T, Bukrinsky M (1999) The B-oligomer of pertussis toxin deactivates CC chemokine receptor 5 and blocks entry of M-tropic HIV-1 strains, [see comments]. J Exp Med 190 597-605 Ambrosini E, Alois F (2004) Chemokines and glial cells a complex network in the central nervous system. [Review] [239 refs]. Neurochem Res 29 1017-1038 Azuma Y, Ohura K (2002) Endomorphins 1 and 2 inhibit IL-10 and IL-12 production and innate immune functions, and potentiate NE-kappaB DNA binding in THP-1 differentiated to macrophagelike cells. Scand J Immunol 56 260-269... 

The neurointerventionalist should limit the number of microcatheter injections performed during the exam, as there is growing evidence that this may increase the chances of hemorrhagic transformation of the infarcted tissue. Direct injection of contrast into stagnant vessels, which contains injured glial cells and thus breakdown of the blood-brain barrier, allows for contrast extravasation. Contrast is readily visualized on the immediate post-thrombolysis CT as an area of high attenuation in the parenchyma. In some instances, MRI with susceptibility-weighted sequences may be useful to differentiate contrast extravasation from Such a distinction... 

ES cells aggregated into embryoid bodies and propagated in growth factors, including platelet-derived growth factor, differentiate rapidly to include CNS glial cells. 

S-100 protein (38) is a 20-kDa calcium-binding protein composed of two subunits, S-lOOa and S-IOOP, which are differentially expressed by individual human tissues. For example, S-100(a,a) is found in myocardial and skeletal muscle cells S-100(a,P) is found in glial cells, melanocytes, chondrocytes, and adnexal glands of the skin and S-100(P,P) is found in Schwann cells and Fangerhans cells of the skin (39). There are currently monoclonal antibodies... 

Adult-derived neural progenitor and stem cells have been transplanted into the CNS of normal and animal models in rodents. Adult rat hippocampal-derived neural progenitor and stem cells have been grafted into the hippocampus, where they differentiated into neuronal and glial cells [12]. In another study, adult rat spinal-cord-derived neural progenitor and stem... 

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