Glass fibre—reinforced plastics reinforcement layers

If concrete removal is not required or supplementary reinforcing bars cannot be used, external reinforcement can be applied. For instance, steel bars may be encased in a shotcrete layer or steel plates may be bonded onto the concrete surface. Recently, the use of steel plates has been substituted by fibre-reinforced plastics (F. R.P.), that are composite materials with glass, aramide or carbon fibres embedded in a polymeric matrix (usually an epoxy system). F. R.P. are available in the form of laminates or sheets that are bonded to the concrete surface using an epoxy adhesive [11]. They are typically used to improve the flexural and shear strength or to provide confinement to concrete subjected to compression. The... 

Hand lay-up is a wet process and it is the simplest yet most labour-intensive and the most commonly used technique, since the 1940s. It is most suited for the production of similar components in limited numbers, (i.e., fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP) infill panels). In this method, successive layers of resin and reinforcement, (i.e., rovings, fabric, mat or randomly arranged chopped fibres of glass), are manually applied to an open mould, with the following basic procedure of five steps ... 

An interesting new product from Japan s Kyocera Chemical Corporation is a flexible fibre-reinforced plastic circuit board which is manufactured from a non-woven cloth of glass fibres impregnated with epoxy resin and sandwiched between layers of copper foil. 

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