Reinforcing agents glass fibre

Miscellaneous uses include textile bobbins, guns for hot melt adhesives and bilge pump housings. These materials are normally found in reinforced form. In addition to glass fibres, other fillers such as glass beads, talc and mica are used in conjunction with coupling agents. 

Jones, F.R., Interfacial aspects of glass fibre reinforced plastics. In Jones, F.R. (Ed.), Interfacial Phenomena in Composite Materials. Butterworths, London, 1989, pp. 25-32. Chaudhury, M.K., Gentle, T.M. and Plueddemann, E., Adhesion mechanism of poly(vinyl chloride) to silane primed metal surfaces. J. Adhes. Sci. Technol, 1(1), 29-38 (1987). Gellman, A.J., Naasz, B.M., Schmidt, R.G., Chaudhury, M.K, and Gentle, T.M., Secondary neutral mass spectrometry studies of germanium-silane coupling agent-polymer interphases. J. Adhes. Sci. Technol., 4(7), 597-601 (1990). 

Another highly effect chain extender is trimellitic anhydride (TMA) which gives rise to branching of the PET structure. Note that the multifunctional epoxies (see Table 14.2) react quickly with the terminal carboxylic acid groups of PET but can also react with the film former and the silane coupling agent on glass fibre reinforcements. 

Maleic anhydride is used as a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of fumaric and tartaric acids, certain agricultural chemicals, resins in numerous products, dye intermediates and pharmaceuticals [2]. It is primarily used as a co-monomer for unsaturated polyester resins, which are used in the production of bonding agents for plywood manufacture and when mixed with glass fibres for reinforced plastics. Annual production of maleic anhydride is estimated to be over one million tormes [3]. 

Lee, N.-J. Jang, J. (1997). The Use of a Mixed Coupling Agent System to Improve the Performance of Polypropylene-Based Composites Reinforced with Short-Glass-Fibre Mat. Composites Science and Technology, Vol.57, No.l2, pp. 1559-1569 ISSN 0266-3538... 

Glass fibre strand was treated with gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane as a coupling agent and used to reinforce a vinylester resin. The interface was studied by FTIR spectroscopy and showed that the silane was able to migrate into the resin and influence curing at a distance (200 pm) greater than the thickness of the interphase (328). 

Woodward and Brown [8] have described fire retardant glass fibre resin reinforced composite based on acrylic acid and Al(OH)3, flame retardant and a wetting agent. Flammability and mechanical properties are discussed. 

The incorporation of a reinforcing agent such as glass fibres into a non-fire retardant or a fire retardant formulation might also have an effect on polymer properties as discussed next. 

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