Glass decoration

Polymerization. Thermal polymerization or curing of an ink film at elevated temperatures can foUow many different chemical paths. Condensation and cross-linking reactions may be accompHshed with or without the use of catalysts. However, this method of drying generally has not been widely used for printing inks, except those used for metal and glass decoration, and some clear coatings. 

Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), carrying trade names such as Perspex and Plexiglass, is an amorphous, relatively hard and transparent polymer. Its stiffness is retained until near its softening temperature (110 °C). Most applications are based on its superior optical qualities safety glass, decoration material, traffic signs, etc. 

Use Photography, staining fine glass, decorating porcelain, medicine. 

By the seventeenth century perfumes had begun to be stored in lightly blown glass bottles, and the eighteenth century saw the appearance of pear-shaped bottles in opaque white glass, decorated similarly to porcelain ware. Weight was reduced, and decorative appeal achieved by colour, cutting and applique decoration, which made perfume bottles truly treasured possessions, and worth much to today s collectors. 

Copper-wheel engraving is used for decoration and in artware production. Abrasive compounds are appHed in water suspension to the spinning copper wheel held in a chuck. The glass is brought into contact with the wheel to produce the design (see Abrasives). 

Custom decorative sound-absorbing treatments for wall surfaces are frequentiy used in auditoriums and theaters, especially for control of echoes from rear walls. Typical treatments consist of prefabricated or custom-built wood grilles over fiber glass or mineral wool blankets or batts. 

Other reinforcements that may be used in the substrate layers of decorative laminates and throughout the stmcture of industrial laminates are woven fabrics of glass or canvas and nonwoven fabrics of various polymeric monofilaments such as polyester, nylon, or carbon fibers. Woven and nonwoven fabrics tend to be much stronger than paper and have much more uniform strength throughout the x—y plane. They greatly enhance properties of laminates such as impact and tear strength. 

Composites. The history of phenoHc resin composites goes back to the early development of phenoHc materials, when wood flour, minerals, and colorants were combined with phenoHc resins to produce mol ding compounds. In later appHcations, resin varnishes were developed for kraft paper and textile fabrics to make decorative and industrial laminates. Although phenoHcs have been well characterized in glass-reinforced composites, new developments continue in this area, such as new systems for Hquid-injection molding (LIM) and sheet-molding compounds (SMC). More compHcated composite systems are based on aramid and graphite fibers. 

Enameling meets decorative as weU as protective requirements. Ceramic enamels are mainly based on alkaH borosiHcate glasses. The part to be enameled is dipped into or sprayed with a sHp, ie, a water suspension of glass fragments called frit. The sHp coating is dried and fused in an enameling furnace under careful heat control (see Enamels, porcelain or vitreous). 

The (Ti02) films are also appHed to glass or vitreous enamel for decorative purposes. Thin films enhance brilliance thicker films impart a silver-gray luster. Milk glass can be produced by mixing the titanate with a low melting enamel, which skaters when the coatkig is baked (424). 

Roofiag panels have been made from polyisocyanurate foams, both foam- and felt-reiaforced with glass fiber. PhenoHc resias are used especially for decorative laminates for paneling. The substrate may be fiberboard or a core of expanded polystyrene beads. In one case the beads are coated with phenoHc resia, then expanded ia a mold to form a stmctural foam panel. 

---