Glass capillary gas

Applications of Glass Capillary Gas Chromatography, edited by Walter G. Jennings... 

The conventional approach to solvent extraction is the batch method. Early work with this method was hampered by the low concentration of the compounds present and the relative insensitivity of the methods of characterization. Thus lipids and hydrocarbons have been separated from seawater by extraction with petroleum ether and ethyl acetate. The fractionation techniques include column and thin-layer chromatography with final characterisation by thin-layer chromatography, infrared, and ultra-violet spectroscopy and gas chromatography. Of these techniques, only gas chromatography is really useful at levels of organic matter present in seawater. With techniques available today such as glass capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, much more information could be extracted from such samples [20]. 

Ballschmiter K. and M. Zell. 1980. Analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) by glass capillary gas chromatography. Fres. Z. Analyt. Chem. 302 20-31. 

Giger and Schnaffer [69] described a glass capillary gas chromatographic method for the determination of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in lake and river sediments. Polyaromatic hydrocarbons are isolated by a sequence of solvent... 

Xie [39] determined trace amounts of chlorophenols and chloroguaiacols in marine sediments collected off the Swedish coast. The compounds were desorbed from sediment surfaces by a mixture of acetic anhydride and hexane, after buffering with O.lmol L 1 sodium carbonate. The optimal pH was achieved by a 1 4 ratio of buffer to acetic anhydride. The acetylated extracts were analysed by glass capillary gas chromatography with electron capture detection. The recoveries, at the pg kg-1 level, ranged from 85-100% with standard deviations of 4-11%. 

In a method described by Bates and Carpenter [8] for the characterization of organosulphur compounds in the lipophilic extracts of marine sediments these workers showed that the main interference is elemental sulphur (S8). Techniques for its elimination are discussed. Saponification of the initial extract is shown to create organosulphur compounds. Activated copper removes S8 from an extract and appears neither to create nor to alter organosulphur compounds. However, mercaptans and most disulphides are removed by the copper column. The extraction efficiency of several other classes of sulphur compounds is 80-90%. Extracts are analyzed with a glass capillary gas chromatograph equipped with a flame photometric detector. Detection limit is lg S and precision 10%. 

Van Rillaer WG, Beernaert H. 1985. Determination of residual ethylene dibromide in cereals by glass capillary gas chromatography. Z Lebensm Unters Forsch 180 284-288. 

Gas Chromatographic Analysis. We used temperature programmed glass capillary gas chromatography to separate PCB residues. Use of an electron capture detector required an efficaceous sample cleanup for isomer quantitation (27). These combined techniques offered enhanced separations and enabled us to identify and quantitate individual PCB constituents (jL> 27). Schwartz (27) separated more than 100 constituents from a 1 1 1 1 mixture of Aroclors 1242, 1248, 1254, and 1260. 

Arrendale RF, Severson RF, Chortyk OT, et al. 1982. Analyses of mono- and dihydroxybenzenes in tobacco smoke and pyrolzates by glass capillary gas chromatography. J Chromatography Sci 20(3) 136-143. 

Jennings, W. G. Shibamoto, T. Qualitative Analysis of Flavor and Fragrance Volatiles by Glass Capillary Gas Chromatography Academic Press New York, NY, 1980. 

Skarping G, Dalene M, Mathiasson L. 1988. Trace analysis of airborne 1,6-hexamethylenediisocyanate and the related aminoisoeyanate and diamine by glass capillary gas chromatography. J Chromatogr 435(3) 453-468. 

In this paper application of glass capillary gas chromatography (GC) alone and in conjunction with mass spectrometry... 

Application of Glass Capillary Gas Chromatography for Determination of Potential Hazardous Compounds in Workplace Environments... 

Figure 2. Glass capillary gas chromatogram of chlorinated aromatic compounds in a magnesium plant effluent...

Figure 5. Glass capillary gas chromatogram of airborne aromatic amines in a film processing laboratory nitrogen selective detection. Peak identities 1, N,N-diethylaniline 2, 2,6-dimethylaniline (internal standard) 3, N,N-diethyl-1,4-di-aminobenzene 4, N,N -diisopropyl-1,4-diaminobenzene 5, not identified.

W. Jennings and T. ShSoaxnoto, Qualitative Analysis of Flavor andFragrance Volatiles by Glass Capillary Gas Chromatography, Academic Press, Inc., New York, 1980 also includes retention indexes and mass spectral data. 

Farrell TJ. 1980. Glass capillary gas chromatography of chlorinated dibenzofurans, chlorinated anisoles, and brominated biphenyls. J Chromatogr Sci 18 10-17. 

Ballschmiter, K. Zell, M. (1980). Analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls by glass capillary gas chromatography composition of technical Aroclor and Clophen-PCB mixtures. Fresenius Zeitschrift fiir Analytische Chemie, 302, 20-31. 

Wilson, C. W. Ill Shaw, P. E. Glass capillary gas chromatography for quantitative determination of volatile constituents in cold-pressed grapefruit oil. J. Agric. Food Chem., 1980, 28, in press. 

P. O. Edlund, Determination of opiates in biological samples by glass capillary gas chromatography with electron-capture detection, J. Chromatogr., 204 206 (1981). 

Bengtsson, G., Odham, G., and Westerdahl, G. (1981). Glass capillary gas-chromatographic analysis of free amino acids in biological microenvironments using electron capture or selected ion monitoring detection. Anal. Biochem. Ill, 163-175. 

Verzele, M., Redant, G., Qureshi, S., and Sandra, P. (1980). High temperature quantitative glass capillary gas chromatography. J. Chromatogr. 199, 105-112. 

Bjorseth, A., "Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Environmental Samples by Glass Capillary Gas Chromatography," "Carcinogenesis-A Comprehensive Survey," Vol 3., "Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons, D.W. Jones and R.I. Freudenthal, Eds., pp. 75-83, Raven Press, New York, 1978. 

---