Secretions from glands

Sexually immature mammals often ignore territorial odors that are important signals for adults. For instance, juvenile muskrats. Ondatrazibethica, were caught equally often in clean live traps and traps scented with musk (anal gland) secretion from adult male muskrats, while adults avoided the musk (van den Berk and Miiller-Schwarze, 1984) (Fig. 9.2). 

The search for environmentally benign pest repellents has spawned many experiments with excretions and gland secretions from felids, canids, and mustelids. 

Semiochemicals and social signaling in the wild European rabbit in Australia I. Scent profiles of chin gland secretion from the field. Journal of Chemical Ecology 28, 363-384. 

Cabrera, A., Williams, D., Hernandez, J.V., Caetano, F.H. and Jaffe, K. (2004). Metapleural- and postpharyngeal-gland secretions from workers of the ants Solenopsis invicta and S. geminata. Chem. Biodivers., 1, 303-311. 

Metasternal gland secretions from the cerambycid beetle have been found to contain 3-isopentyl-2,5-dimethylpyrazine (principally) and the 3-propyl, 3-butyl, 3-pentyl, and 3-(2 -methylbutyl) analogues as major components in one genus, and as minor components in several other genera (74b). 

Slomiany BL, Slomiany A, Mandel ID Lipid composition of human submandibular gland secretion from light and heavy calculus-formers. Arch Oral Biol 1980 25 749-751. 

Table 2. Compounds indicated by mass spectra in sternal gland secretions from 15 male and 15 female E. rufescens...

Figure 1. Mean time ( SE) male hamsters spent investigating odors of other males in habituation-discrimination tests. Subjects were presented with flank gland secretion from one male (Sib 1, white bars) on four trials and were then tested for discrimination with the odor from another male from the same family (Sib 2, hatched bars) on the first test trial on the second test trial subjects were tested with the odor of a male from a different family (Non-sib, black bars). (A) Subjects tested with odors from their own brothers. (B) subjects tested with odors from brothers from another family. (C) subjects tested with odors from their foster brothers. Data in part A and B is from Todrank, et al., 1998.

Figure 2. Mean number ( SE) of scent marks by male and female hamsters in response to flank gland secretion from kin and non-kin. (A) Flank marks of males and females to same-sex odors and vaginal marks of females to odors of males. (B) Vaginal marks of females to flank odors of males. (Non-Br - non-brother Non-Sis - non-sister graph after data in Heth, Todrank Johnston, 1998).

The gas chromatograms of all samples (Fig. 6) show variations in the composition of volatiles present. The odor of anal glands, secretion from the anus, and feces appear to contain a few components which are in common, and which may be absent in the headspace volatiles from coagulating, and preputial glands, or urine. 

GGMS Analysis of Anal Gland Secretion from Ganadian Stoats... 

The cephalic gland secretion from both sexes of Dufourea inermis and D, minuta also contains a series of multicomponent pheromones. The secretion is composed of sex species-specific blends methyl-carbin-ols and the corresponding long chain carboxylic esters (204), Multicomponent insect pheromones have also been identified in trail (205) and sex pheromones (206, 207). 

Rectal gland secretion from male melon flies (Dacus cucurbitae). Pharmaceutical aid, antifungal agent. Preservative. Cryst. Mp 116°. Bp 297-298° dec. pX j 8.50 (25°). 

Found in essential oils, e.g. neroli, rose oil, free and as esters. Also prod, by microorganisms. Volatile component of tail gland secretion from Cervus elaphus (red deer). Used as M soln. in CHCI3 for selective extraction separation of Cu and U (CHCI3). Important industrial intermediate. Perfumery and flavouring ingredient. Plates (pet. ether). Mp 77-78.5°. Bp 265.5°, Bpo.oi 65-70°. 

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