Panax plant

Further, several Panax plants, which have been widely used in many countries as traditional and folk medicines, were also screened using their inhibitory effects on EBV-EA activation. And, Panax notoginseng exhibited the most significant inhibitory effects on this assay and two-... 

Table 1. Percentages of EBV-EA Induction in Presence of Extracts of Panax Plants with Respect to Positive Control (100%).

Sapogeniiis of the dammaran type were isolated from the leaves and roots of the plant Panax no-toginseng, native to China One of these sapogeniiis has the elemental eomposition C30//52O4 and produees the set of NMR results 51. What is the strueture of the sapogenin ... 

TABLE 1.1 Distribution of ginsenosides in different plant parts (fresh, dried, and/or processed) of Panax species (Araliaceae) and Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Cucurbitaceae)... 

TABLE 1.2 The content of ginsenosides (mg/kg fresh weight) in different root sections [diameter 0.5-2.5 mm (root hairs) 5.0-10.0 mm (lateral) 15.0-20.0 and >20.0-38.0 mm (main roots)] of fresh roots from 6-year-old Panax quinquefolium (American ginseng) plants grown in Denmark (Christensen et ai, 2006)... 

FIGURE 1.9 Ginseng roots from 6-year-old American ginseng plants (Panax quinquefo-lium) grown in Denmark with root hairs, lateral roots, and main roots. Ginseng roots within the same species may not only differ in content of ginsenosides but also in root size. 

Choi, H.-K., and Wen, J. (2000). A phylogenetic analysis of Panax (Araliaceae) Integrating cpDNA restriction site and nuclear rDNA ITS sequence data. Plant Syst. Evol. 224, 109-120. 

Tanaka, O., Han, E.-C., Yamaguchi, H., Matsuura, H., Murakami, T., Taniyama, T., and Yoshikawa, M. (2000). Saponins of plants of Panax species collected in central Nepal, and their chemotaxonomical significance. III. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 48, 889-892. 

Wang, J., Sakuma, T., Asafu-Adjaye, E., and Shiu, G. K. (1999). Determination of ginsenosides in plant extracts from Panax ginseng L. and Panax quinquefolius L. by LC/MS/MS. Anal. Ghem. 71,1579-1584. 

Panax ginseng is a perennial plant, growing 30-80 cm high. It has a round stem and bears terminal whorls of 5-8 palmate leaves (Gruenwald et al. 1998). The flowers have greenish-yellow corollas and grow in 1-3 umbels of 15-30 flowers. The fruit are red, pea-sized, and round. The rhizome is fusiform and is the principal part for medicinal interest. 

Lee MH et al (2004) Enhanced triterpene and phytosterol biosynthesis in Panax ginseng overexpressing squalene synthase gene. Plant CeU Physiol 45 976... 

Han JY et al (2006) Expression and RNA interference-induced silencing of the dammarene-diol synthase gene in Panax ginseng. Plant CeU 47 653... 

Liang Y et al (2009) Antisense suppression of cycloartenol synthase results in elevated ginsenoside levels in Panax ginseng hairy roots. Plant Mol Biol Rep 27 298 Lawrence GHM (1951) Taxonomy of vascular plants. Macmillan Press, New York, NY Fountain MS (1986) Vegetation associated with natural populations of ginseng Panax quinquefolium in Arkansas USA. Castanea 51 42... 

Proctor JTA, Bailey WG (1987) Ginseng, industry botany and culture. Hort Rev 9 187 Wills RBH et al (2002) Changes in ginsenosides in AustraUan-grown American ginseng plants Panax quinquefolium L.). Aust J Exp Ag 42 1119... 

Panax ginseng describes the root from two species of plants, Asian ginseng Panax ginseng) and American ginseng Panax quinquefolius), popularly used for improving stamina and providing a sense of well-being. The... 

Chimeric enzymes constructed fi"om two different angiosperms (Panax ginseng, Araliaceae, and Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassicaceae) yielded mixtures of triterpenoids, p-amirin and lupeol, at a composition depending on the particular chimera methyl scrambling was observed for lupeol only (Kushiro 1999). A few differences in the amino acids at the active site are responsible for these effects. This implies that the high variety of plant triterpenoids owes more to chimeric enzymes than product-specific triterpene synthases. It was proposed that these chimeric enzymes act as multifunctional triterpene synthases (Kushiro 1999). 

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