Giardia lamblia protozoan

Giardia lamblia (also known as G. intestinalis or G. duode-nalis), an enteric protozoan, is the most common intestinal parasite responsible for diarrheal syndromes throughout the world. Giardia is the most frequently identified intestinal parasites in the United States, with a prevalence rate of 5% to 15% in some areas. G. lamblia has been identified as the first enteric pathogen seen in children in developing countries, with prevalence rates between 15% and 30%. 

Ellis JE, William R, Cole D, et al. 1993. Electron-transport components of the parasitic protozoan Giardia lamblia. Febs Lett 325 196-200. 

Giardia lamblia. Giardia lamblia is a flagellate parasitic protozoan. This parasite is largely confined to the lining of the intestine. It can colonize the lining and feed and grow there. It is shed in feces in the form of cysts. The cyst, however, cannot multiply outside the host. 

FIGURE 2.9 Scanning electron microscopy reveals the protozoan parasite Giardia lamblia in the small intestine of an animal host. 

Rendtorff, R. C. (1954). The experimental transmission of human intestinal protozoan parasites, II. Giardia lamblia cysts given in capsules. Am. J. Hyg. 59, 209-220. 

Giardia lamblia (also known as G. intestinalis or G. duodenalis), an enteric protozoan, is the most common intestinal parasite responsible for diarrheal syndromes throughout the world. Giardia is the... 

Among the fungal and protozoal lectins only a few have been studied in detail. One of these is the galactose-specific lectin of the protozoa Entamoeba histolytica. It mediates adhesion of the parasite to human colonic mucin glycoproteins and has a central role in the contact-dependent cytolysis or histolysis for which the parasite is named. A sialic-acid-speeific lectin has been isolated from merozoites of the human malarial parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. An unusual lectin is that of the protozoan Giardia lamblia, specific for mannose-6-phosphate, which is activated by trypsinization. 

S. mansoni which displays greater activity with NADPH compared with NADH (23). A number of protozoan parasites including Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia. Trichomonas vaginalis and T. cruzi also reductively metabolize xenobiotics containing a nitro functional group (24). 

Hernandez Y, Zamora G, Ray S, Chapoy J, Chavez E, Valvarde R, Williams E, Aley SB, Das S. Transcriptional analysis of three major putative phosphatidylinositol kinase genes in a parasitic protozoan, Giardia lamblia. J Eukaryot Microbiol. 2007 54 29-32. 

Giardia Giardia lamblia is a protozoan organism that causes severe diarrhoea, carried by animab. 

Giardia lamblia is a flagellated protozoan that has a trophozoite form and a cyst form. The length of the trophozoite form ranges from 9 to 21 pm, the width from 5 to 15 pm and a thickness from 2 to 4 pm. In an unfavorable environment the parasite encysts, and the cysts are characteristically oval or ellipsoid in shape (sUghtly asymmetric) with a length of 8-14 pm and a width of 7-10 um. 

Berberine possesses antimicrobial activity against bacterial [13, 94-96], fungal [97], protozoan [98, 99], and viral [100-102] infections. In vitro studies have shown that berberine is effective against Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, Trichomonas vaginalis [98, 103], Candida spp. [97, 104], Plasmodium falciparum [99], Staphylococcus aureus [95, 105, 106], influenza virus [100], human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [107], human cytomegalovirus [101], herpes simplex virus, [102] Chlamydia trachomatis [105], Helicobacter pylori [96], and Leish-mania donovani [99]. 

Tyler VE (1999) Phytomedicines back to the future. J Nat Prod 62 1589-1592 Ultee A, Kets EP, Smid EJ (1999) Mechanisms of action of carvacrol on the food-borne pathogen Bacillus cereus. Appl Environ Microbiol 65 4606-4610 Ushida K, Jouany JP (1996) Methane production associated with rumen-ciliated protozoa and its effect on protozoan activity. Lett Appl Microbiol 23 129-132 Van Nevel CJ, Demeyer DI (1988) Manipulation of rumen fermentation. In Hobson PN (ed) The rumen microbial ecosystem. Elsevier Apphed Science, New York Varel VH, Miller DN (2001) Plant-derived oils reduce pathogens and gaseous emissions from stored cattle waste. Appl Environ Microbiol 67 1366-1370 Vidal F, Vidal JC, Gadelha APR, Lopes CS, Coelho MGP, Monteiro-Leal LH (2007) Giardia lamblia the effect of extracts and fractions from Mentha x piperita Lin. Lamiaceae) on trophozoites. Exp Parasitol 115 25-31... 

Another protozoan that causes severe diarrhea, but is also found in more temperate regions, is Giardia lam-blia. Among Leeuwenhoek s discoveries was G. lamblia, which is a now well-publicized parasite that can infect hikers who drink untreated water in the back country. 

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