Microbial ecosystems

R. E. Elungate, The Rumen Microbial Ecosystem, ed. P. N. Elobson, Elsevier Applied Science, London, 1988, pp. 1-19. 

Effect of feed type on the gastrointestinal microbial ecosystem... 

Gmeiner M., Kniefel W., Kulbe K.D., Wouters R., De Boever P., Nollet L. and Verstreate V. (2000). Influence of a synbiotic mixture consisting of Lactobacillus acidophilus 74—2 and a frue loo I i go s acc h ari dc preparation on the microbial ecology sustained in a simulation of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (SHIME reactor) . Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 53, 219-223. 

Anderson, R. T., Chapelle, F. H. and Lovley, D. R. (1998) Evidence against hydrogen-based microbial ecosystems in basalt aquifers. Science, 28, 976-7. 

Stevens, T. O. and McKinley, J. P. (1995) Lithoautotrophic microbial ecosystems in deep basalt aquifers. Science, 270, 450-4. 

We are surrounded by an immense and highly varied microbial ecosystem, and are gradually beginning to understand some of its complexities. 

T0052 ARCADIS Geraghty and Miller, In Sitn Reactive Zones Using Molasses T0085 Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Snbsnrface Lithoantotrophic Microbial Ecosystem (SLiME)... 

By now, it has not been made possible to determine the levels of antimicrobials that can cause an increase of primarily resistant Enterobacteriaceae in the gut of the consumer. As a result, measuring the microbial significance of antimicrobial residues continues to be the subject of considerable discussion. Much of the discussion involves the development of model systems that will reflect the effects of residue levels of antimicrobials on human intestinal microbial populations. The consensus of opinion at a recent symposium is that no such single system is available (64). The human intestine is a very complex microbial ecosystem, about which little is known of the effects of antimicrobial residues on the population dynamics and biochenoical responses (65). 

Mitchell, J. G., Okubo, A., and Fuhrmann, J. A., Microzones surrounding phytoplankton form the basis for a stratified marine microbial ecosystem, Nature, 316, 58, 1985. 

The Netherlands SHIME, simulator of human intestinal microbial ecosystems of infants TMO, TNO gastrointestinal model. 

Bioacc., bioaccessible Ref, reference n.d. = not determined SBET, simple bioaccessibility extraction test RIVM, in vitro digestion model PBET, physiologically based extraction test SHIME, simulator of human intestinal microbial ecosystem TIM, TNO gastrointestinal model. 

Molly, K., Van de Woestyne, M., and Verstraete, W. (1993). Development of a 5-step multi-chamber reactor as a simulation of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 

J. W. T. Wimpenny (ed.), Handbook of Laboratory Model Systems for Microbial Ecosystems, Vol. 1. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 1988. 

In addition to dilution of acid rock/mine drainage under oxidizing conditions, neutralization can occur under mildly or highly anaerobic conditions. This will create distinctive environments in which microorganisms thrive and nanoparticles form as a result of their activity. We describe two examples of such subsurface systems below. However, before turning to these topics, we note that Fe-based microbial ecosystems are not only found in association with metal sulfide deposits, but may be broadly relevant in the subsurface where Fe-rich minerals (biotite, olivine, pyroxenes, etc.) are present in reasonable abundance and dissolve, releasing aqueous ferrous iron. 

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