General-purpose resins discussion

In 1960, the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) completed work on tests and standardizations and issued D1755, "Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Resins. In this specification, type GP refers to general purpose resins, and type D refers to dispersion resins (which will be discussed later). A similar specification for copolymer resins has been issued as ASTM D2427-78. 

Because of their favourable price, polyesters are preferred to epoxide and furane resins for general purpose laminates and account for at least 95% of the low-pressure laminates produced. The epoxide resins find specialised uses for chemical, electrical and heat-resistant applications and for optimum mechanical properties. The furane resins have a limited use in chemical plant. The use of high-pressure laminates from phenolic, aminoplastic and silicone resins is discussed elsewhere in this book. 

The advent of the atomic force microscope has allowed surface properties at nearly molecular length scales to be measured directly for the first time. Recently, a method has been proposed whereby a small ( 3.5 /nn) particle is attached to the cantilever tip of the commercially available, Nanoscope II AFM [67,68]. The particles are attached with an epoxy resin. When the cantilever tip is placed close to a planar surface, the AFM measures directly the interaction force between the particle and the surface. A primary difference between this technique and the surface forces apparatus (SFA) is the size of the substrates, since the SFA generally requires smooth surfaces approximately 2 cm in diameter. Other differences are discussed by Ducker et al. [68]. For our purposes, it suffices to note that the AFM method explicitly incorporates the particle-wall geometry that is the focus of this chapter. 

Rosin exploitation, a part of the so-called Naval Stores Industry, is at least as old as the construction of wooden naval vessels. In recent years, rosin components have attracted a renewed attention, notably as sources of monomers for polymers synthesis. The purpose of the present chapter is to provide a general overview of the major sources and composition of rosin. It deals therefore with essential features such as the structure and chemical reactivity of its most important components, viz. the resin acids, and the synthesis of a variety of their derivatives. This chemical approach is then followed hy a detailed discussion of the relevant applications, the resin acids and their derivatives, namely in polymer synthesis and processing, paper sizing, emulsion polymerization, adhesive tack and printing inks, among others. 

Cycoloy is a registered trademark of the General Electric Company. Figures and tables are provided for general information and are not for the purpose of warranty or specification. Any flame or ignition resistant rating presented herein is NOT intended to reflect hazards presented by this or any other material under actual fire conditions. All resins and mixtures discussed herein should be thoroughly tested in actual parts under end use conditions before incorporation into any device. 

Eigures are provided for general information and are not for the purpose of warranty or specification. All resins and mixtures discussed herein should be thoroughly tested in actual parts under end use conditions before incorporation into any device. 

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