Gasoline, mixtures

J. V. D. Weide and R. J. Wineland, "Vehicle Operation with Variable Methanol/Gasoline Mixtures," 6th Int. Symp. on Alcohol Euels Technology (Ottawa, Canada, May 21—25, 1984), Vol. 3. 

The illustrated unit can be used to study vapor-phase reforming of kerosene fractions to high octane gasoline, or hydrogenation of benzene, neat or in gasoline mixtures to cyclohexane and methylcyclopentane. In liquid phase experiments hydrotreating of distillate fractions can be studied. The so-called Solvent Methanol Process was studied in the liquid phase, where the liquid feed was a solvent only, a white oil fraction. 

What reasons are there for using ethanol as a part of gasoline mixtures ... 

Uses Organic synthesis laboratory solvent preparation of artificial gasoline mixture calibration... 

One cannot talk about the chemistry of gasoline without understanding octane number. When gasoline is burned in an internal combustion engine to CO2 and H2O, there is a tendency for many gasoline mixtures to bum unevenly. This is caused basically by ignition before the piston of the engine is in the proper position. Such nonconstant and unsmooth... 

Literature studies confirm this result for other liquid fuels. For example, Docter et al. have calculated the regions of coke formation for ATR and POX of a synthetic gasoline mixture at various S/C ratios (Figure 7)P... 

Figure 7 Thermodynamic calculation of product composition and coke formation for a synthetic gasoline mixture (35% n-C, 25% hexene, and 40%o xylenes) for ATR (SjC = 0.7) and POX (SjC = 0)t Air ratio = (p airl fuel)actual ( airffuel)stoichiometric (Note that temperature is a dependent variable in this figure, fixed by air jfuel ratio) (Reprinted from Docter and Lamm, copyright (1999), with permission from Elsevier)...

The first examples here have been given for single compounds. In the real world, mixtures are more often encountered. To establish the performance of the monitor with mixtures, gasoline was chosen. Complexity of the gasoline mixture in terms of both number of compounds and their similarity was the primary reason for its choice. 

Comparative results with tubes were obtained for several components of the gasoline mixture. These results were quantified by preparing calibration standards for each component. In each case, results from the 3M Organic Vapor Monitor more closely match the test concentration and has a better standard deviation in all instances. This data can be found in Table I. 

Gas A state of matter defined as a fluid with a vapor pressure exceeding 40 psia at 100° F. Gasolines Mixture of volatile, flammable liquid hydrocarbons used in internal combustion engines. Typical flash point temperature is around -40 °C. 

Hint To estimate the mole fraction of a given gasoline component from its volume fraction, use Eq. 5-34 by assuming a binary mixture of the component with a solvent that has the average molar volume of the whole gasoline mixture. 

E85 Ethanol/gasoline mixture containing 85% denatured ethanol and 15% gasoline, by volume. 

If BTEX components and MTBE are not sufficiently resolved in a complex gasoline mixture, their identification and quantitation with a PID becomes questionable. False positive results and high bias are common in gasoline component analysis with EPA Method 8021. 

Car engines can burn pure alcohol or gasohol, an alcohol-gasoline mixture (10% ethanol in gasoline), with little modification. Gasohol is now widely available in the United States. The use of pure alcohol as a motor fuel is not feasible in most of the United States because it does not vaporize easily when temperatures are low. However, pure ethanol could be a very practical fuel in warm climates. For example, in Brazil large quantities of ethanol fuel are produced for cars. 

These considerations are particularly important in the area of alternative automotive fuel combustion. Methanol/gasoline mixtures are now recognized as an important alternate fuel candidate for use in conventional engines as well as for future automobile power plants (3). Large scale experiments are being conducted in Germany and the U.S., and... 

Add lye solution to the gasoline mixture and stir occasionally until thickened (about 1/2 hour). 

Many of the harmful effects seen after exposure to gasoline are due to the individual chemicals in the gasoline mixture, such as benzene and lead in very small amounts. Inhaling or swallowing large... 

This chapter discusses the health effects associated with exposure to automotive gasoline. Please see the ATSDR toxicological profiles on jet fuels, Otto fuels II, and fuel oils (ATSDR 1992) for further information on other types of fuels. Furthermore, this chapter will focus on the health effects associated with exposure to the gasoline mixture, and not the individual components of gasoline. 

For more information on the health effects associated with exposure to specific components of the gasoline mixture, please refer to the ATSDR toxicological profiles on 1,3-butadiene, benzene,... 

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