Nitric acid, manufacture

Yourcompany. a nitric acid manufacturer, uses ammonia in a waste treatment system to neutralize an acidic wastewater stream containing nitric acid. The reaction of the ammonia and nitric acid produces an ammonium nitrate solution. Ammonium nitrate solution is a listed toxic substance, as are nitric acid and ammonia. Your facility otherwise uses ammonia as a reactant and manufactures ammonium nitrate solution as a byproduct. If the ammonium nitrate solution is produced in a quantity that exceeds the threshold (e.g., 25,000 pounds for 1989), the facility must report for ammonium nitrate solution. If more than 10,000 pounds of ammonia is added to the wastewater treatment system, then the facility must report (or ammonia. 

Nitric acid, manufacture, 45, 232 Nitric oxide as catalyst, 227 reaction with oxygen, 26 solubility, 20 Nitrobenzene, 344 Nitrogen... 

Miles, Nitric Acid Manufacture and Uses , Oxford Univ Press, London (1961) 31) S. 

The technology of nitric acid manufacture is well established and has been reported in several articles ... 

F. D. Miles Nitric Acid Manufacture and Uses (Oxford University Press, 1961). Three processes are used ... 

After a detonation during manufacture of an explosive solution of the nitro compound in cone, nitric acid, manufacture was discontinued as being too dangerous. 

Nitric acid is a colourless liquid at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. It is soluble in water in all proportions and there is a release of heat of solution upon dilution. This solubility has tended to shape the process methods for commercial nitric acid manufacture. It is a strong acid that almost completely ionizes when in dilute solution. It is also a powerful oxidizing agent with the ability to passivate some metals such as iron and aluminium. A compilation of many of the physical and chemical properties of nitric acid is presented in Table A.1 of Appendix A. Arguably the most important physical property of nitric acid is its azeotropic point, this influences the techniques associated with strong acid production. The constant-boiling mixture occurs at 121.9°C, for a concentration of 68.4%(wt) acid at atmospheric pressure. 

Reference G7 provides an excellent coverage of the materials of construction used in nitric acid manufacture and storage. Reference G8 is a Firth-Vickers catalogue, used to obtain the physical properties and corrosion resistance data for stainless steel 304L. 

Hignett (Ref. CEI 1) is an excellent source for the determination of production and operating costs specific to nitric acid manufacture. It contains tabulated data for the typical production cost components and capital cost details of a 1700 tonnes/day plant. These figures could be compared with those presented in Ref. PTI for determination of an accuratevalue for the 280 tonne/day plant in this project. 

Nitric acid Nitrogen dioxide mixed with nitrogen oxide, oxygen, nitrogen Nitrous oxides Nitric acid, water Nitric acid manufacture Stripping not practiced... 

Since no economical nitrogen fixation process that starts with nitrogen oxides has been discovered, ammonia has developed into the most important building block for synthetic nitrogen products worldwide. Prior to World War II, ammonia production capacity remained relatively stable. But during the war the need for explosives caused an increase in the production of ammonia for nitric acid manufacture. Then, after the war, the ammonia plants were used to manufacture fertilizers. As a result, there was a rapid increase in fertilizer consumption. The advantages of fertilizers were emphasized, and production capacity increased by leaps and bounds. 

Catalytic Processes in Nitric Acid Manufacture, Fertilizer Society Proceedings, London, 1978. 

Production/preparation of particular products Sulfuric and nitric acid manufacture Formaldehyde preparation Chemical synthesis 4, 26, 86... 

German technology was a war prize. The war had also stimulated the U.S. chemical industry explosives to be sure, but most notably dyestuffs by Dow and Du Pont and nitrogen fixation and nitric acid manufacture by government-financed plants at Muscle Shoals, Alabama. Gasoline demand for... 

The primary pollution problem in nitric acid manufacture is the abatement of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in tail gases. In the United States, gaseous emissions from newly constructed nitric acid plants must be limited to 1.5 kilograms of NOx per tonne of nitric acid (100% basis) produced, with a maximum stack opacity of 10 percent. Modem acid towers, with extended sections, can reduce NOx emissions to less than 200 parts per million. 5... 

N NO, NO, Nitric acid manufacturing, high-temperature oxidation processes, nitration processes... 

EnviNOx Two related processes for removing N20 and NOx from the tailgases from nitric acid manufacture by the Ostwald process. Both variants use two beds of two zeolite catalysts modified with iron. The first variant is for gases hotter than 425°C and involves injecting ammonia between the beds. The second variant, for gases cooler than 425°C, injects ammonia before the first bed and a volatile hydrocarbon between the beds. Developed by Uhde in association with Agrolinz Melamine International. The first variant was installed in Linz, Austria, in 2003. The second variant was installed in Egypt in 2007. The catalysts are supplied by Sud-Chemie. 

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