GASOLINE AND OTHER MOTOR FUELS

See Alcohol fuels Fuels, ssojehetic-liquid fuels Gasoline and other motor fuels. 

AH motor fuel in the United States is manufactured by private companies. Many of these are vertically integrated. That is, the same company finds the cmde oil or buys it from a producing government, refines it into finished products, and then sells to independent retailers who specialize in that company s blended products or sells at company operated service stations. There are also a significant number of companies that participate in only some aspects of the business cycle such as refining or marketing. 

Eour groups are involved in the production or use of motor fuels in the United States (/) manufacturers of the vehicles (2) manufacturers and/or marketers of the fuels (J) purchasers and users of fuels and vehicles and (4) federal, state, and local regulatory agencies (qv). Each has a different role. 

Vehicle manufacturers must build cars and tmcks that operate well on available fuels. They also specify the fuel requirements of their vehicles. Euel marketers must produce fuels that operate in both new and old vehicles. The consumer, the purchaser of the fuel and the vehicle, wants the fuel to be affordable, readily available, and able to provide a high level of performance. Regulators check that fuels are labeled properly and meaninghilly and that no unwarranted claims are made. They also regulate emissions from vehicles as well as the fuels used. 

ASTM committees must be balanced in that the number of voting producers must not be greater than the number of voting nonproducers. Eor petroleum products, nonproducers are regulators, consumers, and equipment manufacturers. Committee chairs must be nonproducers. Although standards must be approved by a majority, aH negative votes must be carefully considered and a response made. In practice, because aH issues are fully discussed and the discussions are based on hard data, very few negative votes are cast when standards are submitted for final approval. 

---

GASOLINE AND OTHER MOTOR FUELS] (Vol 12) -ethers in [ETHERS] (Vol 9)... 

---