Gases expand

The hot gases expand and produce pressure waves, which travel ahead of the flame. Any dust lying on surfaces in the path of the pressure waves will be thrown into the air and could cause a secondary explosion more violent and extensive than the first. 

Abblasehahn, m. blowoff cock, abblasen, v.t. blow away, blow off, blow blast (castings) distil off. — v.i. (of gases) expand. Abblaseventil, n. blowoff valve, abblassen, v.i. fade, lose color, grow pale, abblattem, v.r. i. scale off, exfoliate desquamate shed the leaves. — v.t. descale strip of leaves. 

The Hoi Gases Expand and comes Fuel Goes in Here and is Through the Turbine... 

The basic gas turbine generates in the open-cycle mode and Figure 15.4 illustrates this. Air is drawn into a compressor and after compression passes into a combustion chamber. At this stage, energy is supplied to the combustion chamber by injecting fuel, and the resultant hot gases expand through the turbine. The turbine directly drives the... 

Jacques Charles first showed the relationship between temperature and volume of a gas in 1787. His work showed that gases expand in a linear manner as the temperature is increased and contract linearly as the temperature is decreased, provided the pressure is kept constant. 

The techniques used for handling various materials depend on their physical states as well as their chemical properties. While it is comparatively easy to handle liquids and solids, it is not as convenient to measure out a quantity of a gas. Fortunately, except under rather extreme conditions, all gases have similar physical properties, and the chemical identity of the substance does not influence those properties. For example, all gases expand when they are heated in a nonrigid container and contract when they are cooled or subjected to increased pressure. They readily diffuse through other gases. Any quantity of gas will occupy the entire volume of its container, regardless of the size of the container. 

The sign of the work as the compressed gases expand is negative ... 

Gases expand to fill the entire volume of their containers ... 

For example, gases expand to fill the entire volume of any container in which you put them. Also, gases are easily compressed into smaller volumes. Even more so than liquids, gases easily form homogenous mixtures. Because so much open space occurs between individual gas particles, these particles cire pretty laid back about the idiosyncrasies of their neighbors. 

Fig 1 shows the situation, at some time after the start of detonation, for a 1-D system consisting of a semi-infinite expl slab, initially in contact with a metal plate on one side and vacuum on the other side, with detonation started simultaneously all along the original HE-vacuum boundary As indicated, the plate moves to the right at a velocity V and product gases expand into vacuum (in Appendix A it is shown that expansion into air is negligibly different from expansion into vacuum) at velocity -U. The coordinate system used assigns x = 0 to the product/vacuum boundary and x = 2 to the position of the plate at time t. Then, as taken directly from Ref 14 ... 

Why do gases expand more than solids for the same increase in temperature ... 

Physical change may be a change of state (a solid to a liquid, a liquid to a solid or a gas, a gas to a solid), or an expansion of a substance when heated (solids, liquids and gases expand when heated and regain their original size or volume on cooling). 

The propellant gases expand rapidly on release into the atmosphere, accelerating to velocities much greater than that of the bullet, and this is why the bullet is surrounded by a large cloud of smoke. 

Many combustible dusts produced by industrial processes are explosible when they are suspended as a cloud in air. Even a spark may be sufficient to ignite them. After ignition, flame spreads rapidly through the dust cloud as successive layers are heated to ignition temperature. The hot gases expand and produce pressure waves that travel ahead of the flame. Any dust lying on surfaces in the path of the pressure waves will be thrown into the air and could cause a secondary explosion more violent and extensive than the first. 

A critical characteristic of energetic materials is the Chapman-Jouguet (CJ) state. This describes the chemical equilibrium of the products at the end of the reaction zone of the detonation wave before the isentropic expansion. In the classical ZePdovich-Neumann-Doring (ZND) detonation model, the detonation wave propagates at constant velocity. This velocity is the same as at the CJ point which characterizes the state of reaction products in which the local speed of sound decreases to the detonation velocity as the product gases expand. 

Ans. (a) The gases will fit gases expand or contract to fill their containers, (b) The total volume is the volume of the container—1.00 L. The temperature is 300 K, given in the problem. The total pressure is the sum of the two partial pressures. Partial pressure is the pressure of each gas (as if the other were not present). The oxygen pressure is... 

Consider a mixture of air and gasoline vapor in a cylinder with a piston. The original volume is 40. cm3. If the combustion of this mixture releases 950. J of energy, to what volume will the gases expand against a constant pressure of 650. torr if all the energy of combustion is converted into work to push back the piston ... 

After many experiments with chemical reactions in which gases are involved w ere carried out, it was recognized about a hundred years ago that equal volumes of different gases contain the same number of molecules. This statement, together xvith the quantitative expression Of the fact that gases expand in volume vhen they are heated and contract in volume when they are subjected to increased pressure, constitutes the gas laws, which will be treated in Chapter 8. 

After the discovery of Boyle s law, it was more than one hundred years before the dependence of the w>lume of a gas on the temperature was investigated. Then in 1787 the French physicist Jacques Alexandre Charles (1746-1823) reported that different gases expand by the same... 

Chemical analyses from gas wells, especially those from higher-temperature reservoirs, may not represent the true chemical composition of formation waters from the production zone because of dilution by condensed water vapor produced with natural gas. Water vapor condenses because of the drop in temperature and pressure as the gases expand on entering the well. This problem is not generally recognized and is probably responsible for many of the reports of fresh or brackish water in petroleum reservoirs (Kharaka et al., 1985). 

As we affirmed in our discussion of thermodynamics, systems naturally tend toward a state of maximum entropy. Physical and chemical systems alike favor disorder. It is their natural state. Gases expand. Dyes distribute. Mixtures do whatever they can to dilute. Solutions do not want to lose solvent and become concentrated because there is more entropy in being dilute. The vapor pressure of a solution is lowered so the solution will not lose solvent and become more concentrated. The boiling point is elevated for the same reason. There is also more entropy for a liquid solution than for a solid, so solution freezing is anti-entropic. Hence, solutions experience... 

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