Gas dynamic laser

Various component cooling schemes were proposed and used, but a major improvement was made when the concept of cooling a flowing laser medium was proposed, thereby taking advantage of the far more effective cooling hy convection lhan by conduction. Gas lasers were considered the most apt for application of this concept and this led to the gas dynamic laser.1... 

Composition and Parameters of an Optimum Gas Genereting Composition for Gas Dynamic Laser Studies... 

E.E.Nikitin, Vibrational relaxation of diatomic molecules on potentially reactive atoms, in Gas-dynamics lasers and laser photochemistry. Moscow, University Press, 1978, p.l36... 

Ablekov, Y.K., Denisov, Yu.N., Lubchenko, F.N. (1982), Gas-Dynamic Laser Handbook, Masbinostroenie (Machinery), Moscow. 

Achasoy, O.V, Ragosin, DS. (1986), Rate Coefficients of Vibrational Energy Exchange in Laser Active Medium of CO2 Gas-Dynamic Laser with Additions of O2, H2, H2O and CO, Preprint no. 16, A.V Lykov Institute of Heat and Mass Transfer, Minsk. 

Losev, S. A. (1977), Gas-Dynamic Lasers, Nauka (Science), Moscow. 

I have chosen to include only those lines whose production requires what may be termed standard techniques . Electrically excited and optically pumped lasers are included, except those involving multi-photon systems, tunable pump lasers, or stark-shifted [1.16] far-infrared lasing. These are all useful techniques but beyond the purposes of this book. Gas-dynamic lasers [1.17], chemical lasers and molecular beam masers [1.18] are also excluded. 

Kalpouzos C, McMorrow D, Lotshaw WT, Kenney-Wallace GA. Femtosecond laser-induced optical Kerr dynamics in CS2/alkane binary solutions. Chem Phys Lett 1989 155 240-242. 

Isotope-selective IR multiphoton photodissociation of CF3I has been examined as a means of achieving C enrichment, and about 400-fold enrichment has been reported following a single laser pulse in a short-path gas dynamic flow system. " Multiphoton IR dissociation of CHCIF2 has been shown to... 

These experiments may also provide us with more information on the significance of gas-dynamic processes among the emitted fragments, where a substantial population of phenyl radicals appears to have been accelerated by entrainment, perhaps by reducing the density of the emitted N2 to where we might be able to see the direct phenyl radical time-of-flight. It is possible, as proposed in an earlier laser-polymer study [224], that both photochemical and photothermal mechanisms are occurring. 

The reacting flow test rig was constructed at the Gas Dynamics and Propulsion Laboratory at the University of Cincinnati. The 3D geometry is shown in Fig. 10.8. For better optical observation and laser measurement, the combustion chamber has an octagonal shape with four flat quartz windows. Four... 

Allen, M. G. "Diode Laser Absorption Sensors for Gas-Dynamic and Combustion Flows." Measurement Science and Technology 9 (1998) 545-62. 

The oxygen-iodine chemical transfer laser, 02( A) + I( / 3/2) 02( 2)+ I( /, /2)> based on the same electronic transition as the iodine photochemical laser, I( 7, /2) I( 3/2). and a few systems operating on pure rotational transitions are among the recent developments in chemical laser research. Other electronic lasers such as the iodine photochemical laser and the large group of excimer lasers are also classified sometimes as chemical lasers. Yet, most chemical laser systems utilize vibrotational transitions, almost exclusively of diatomic molecules. Our discussion will be confined to this type of chemical lasers. To emphasize the nonequilibrium characteristics and the time factor we shall consider only pulsed lasers. We shall not discuss important subjects such as optical properties, gas dynamic factors, and computational methods. As specific guiding examples we shall refer to the well-studied F-l-H2->HF-h H laser and the relatively simple (only one active vibrational band) Cl -I- HBr- HCl -I- Br system. ... 

Particle size analysis was carried out on a Horiba dynamic laser scattering particle size analyser. Powder X-ray diffraction measurements were performed on a Siemens D500 diffratometer with a monochromated Cu Ka radiation source. SEM analysis was done using a Zeiss Ultra55 Electron Microscope. The gas tightness of non reduced half cells (substrate, anode, and electrolyte, dimensions ... 

Although we directly measure the temperature in each experiment, we must rely on a computer calculation (3) of the temperature-density relationship produced by the gas dynamic processes. In order to verify that the code is properly describing the situation, we have performed a series of measurements of the OH density and temperature as a function of time ( 1 > ) In Figure 2 is shown the evolution of T following the CO2 laser pulse for two different gas mixtures, pure SF and SF + 2. In the latter case, which has a higher heat capacity... 

Glow discharge gas-dynamic flow Laser pumping E-beam... 

R. Sen, Y. Ohtsuka, T. Ishigaki, D. Kasuya, S. Suzuki, H. Kataura, and Y. Achiba, Time period for the growth of single-wall carbon nanotubes in the laser ablation process evidence from gas dynamic studies and time resolved imaging Chem. Phys. Lett. 332,467-473 (2000). 

B. Soep, R. Campargue, Laser spectroscopy ofbiacetylinasupersonic jet and beam,in Rar-efled Gas Dynamics, vol. II, ed. by R. Campargue (Commisseiriat A L Energie Atomique, Paris, 1979)... 

Time period for the growth of single-wall carbon nanotubes in the laser ablation process evidence from gas dynamic studies and time resolved imaging. Chemical Physics Letters, 332,467-473. 

Allen MG (1998) Diode laser absorption sensors for gas-dynamic and combustion flows. Meas Sci Technol 9 545-562 Anderson MS, Andringa JM, Carlson RW, Conrad P, Hartford W, Shafer M, Soto A, Tsapin AI, Dybwad JP, Wadsworth W, Hand K (2005) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for Mars science. Rev Sci Instrum 76 034101 Ashizawa H, Yamaguchi S, Endo M, Ohara S, Takahashi M, Nanri K, Fujioka T (2003) Development of a nitrogen dioxide gas sensor based on mid-infrared absorption spectroscopy. Rev Laser Eng 31 151-155 Baldini F, Chester AN, Homola J, Martellucci S (eds) (2006) Optical chemical sensors. Springer, Dordrecht Bansal L (2004) Development of a fiber optic chemical sensor for detection of toxic vapors. Ph.D. thesis, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA... 

Physical functionalization by the application of surface coatings, including APS (atmospheric plasma spraying), CVD (chemical vapor deposition), CGDS (cold gas dynamic spraying), PLD (pulsed laser deposition), MAO (micro-arc oxidation) or plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO), sol-gel, and polyelectrolyte coatings and films. 

Gas Flow. - NMR technique and laser-polarized Xe was used to experimentally probe gas dynamics in a fluidized bed. Previous NMR measurements studied the solid particles which give stronger signals, but convey no direct information about the gas flow. A new scheme is presented for measurement of inter-phase rates and bubble velocity in gas-fluidization with laser-... 

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