Kerr optical

P. F. Kerr, Optical Microscopy, McGraw Hill, New York, 1959. 

Figure 7. Laser-induced absorbance changes at 561 nm as a function of time in detergent solubilised bovine rhodopsin (X) and isorhodopsin (9) at room temperature. Bathorhodopsin is the only intermediate during the bleaching of bovine rhodopsin known to absorb strongly at 561 nm. The energy of the 530-nm pump pulse was about 10 4J the energy of the 561-nm probe pulse was about 10 7J. The beam sizes were about 1 mm2 for the pump and 0.5 mm2 for the probe. The samples (about 1.5 mL) were held in 0.5-cm cuvettes. The concentrations were about 4 A cm I at the absorption peaks near 500 nm the ratios A Ajjj were about 0.3 and ratios ASsa. As<)o were about 0.7 for rhodopsin and 0.5 for isorhodopsin. Each data point shown is the average of six (rhodopsin) and nine (isorhodopsin) laser shots. Typical mean standard deviations are 0.03. The zero time is located using a 0.5 cm CS2 Kerr optical shutter at the sample site. The half width at half maximum for the CS2 shutter prompt response curve is about 6 ps.

However, when the incident light is white light there is a retardation of different wavelengths as the electric field is increased. Figure 3.54 is the Kerr optical interference color chart, showing transmitted wavelengths and, therefore, colors with applied field for various material birefringence and thickness values. 

Nonlinear refraction phenomena, involving high iatensity femtosecond pulses of light traveling in a rod of Tfsapphire, represent one of the most important commercial exploitations of third-order optical nonlinearity. This is the realization of mode-locking ia femtosecond Tfsapphire lasers (qv). High intensity femtosecond pulses are focused on an output port by the third-order Kerr effect while the lower intensity continuous wave (CW) beam remains unfocused and thus is not effectively coupled out of the laser. 

In an effort to identify materials appropriate for the appHcation of third-order optical nonlinearity, several figures of merit (EOM) have been defined (1—r5,r51—r53). Parallel all-optical (Kerr effect) switching and processing involve the focusing of many images onto a nonlinear slab where the transmissive... 

Magneto-Optic Kerr Rotation Surface Magneto-Optic Kerr Rotation... 

As was proven later by Bishop [19], the coefficient A in the expansion (73) is the same for all optical processes. If the expansion (73) is extended to fourth-order [4,19] by adding the term the coefficient B is the same for the dc-Kerr effect and for electric field induced second-harmonic generation, but other fourth powers of the frequencies than are in general needed to represent the frequency-dependence of 7 with process-independent dispersion coefficients [19]. Bishop and De Kee [20] proposed recently for the all-diagonal components yaaaa the expansion... 

The present study demonstrates that the analytic calculation of hyperpolarizability dispersion coefficients provides an efficient alternative to the pointwise calculation of dispersion curves. The dispersion coefficients provide additional insight into non-linear optical properties and are transferable between the various optical processes, also to processes not investigated here as for example the ac-Kerr effect or coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), which depend on two independent laser frequencies and would be expensive to study with calculations ex-plictly frequency-dependent calculations. 

---