Gas burner system

Dalton, A. I. and Tyndall, D. W., Oxygen Enriched Air/Natural Gas Burner System Development, NTIS report PB91-167510, Springfield, VA, 1989. 

Figure 6.7 Rotary kiln gas burner system. (Reproduced by permission of Metso Minerals.)...

Table 4.54 Emission levels from a heat treatment fumaee before and after conversion to natural gas burners system...

Another variant of these tests concerns resistance to fire with mechanical shock. A 1200 mm long sample of cable is mounted onto a vertical wall (Fig. 3.128). The cable is ignited by a gas burner system located at the bottom of the wall while a steel bar pivoted near the upper edge of the wall strikes the top of the wall at its midpoint once every 30 s. The cable complies with the requirements of the standard if no fuse is ruptured during the 15-min period of test. Cable is rated according to the flame temperature of the gas burner as follows ... 

A drying oven whieh is eonstrueted of firebriek walls is heated by an eleetrieally operated gas burner as shown in Figure 2.22. The system variables and eonstants are... 

TTte most cost-effective methods of reducing emissions of NO are the use of low-NO burners and the use of low nitrogen fuels such as natural gas. Natural gas has the added advantage of emitting almost no particulate matter or sulfur dioxide when used as fuel. Other cost-effective approaches to emissions control include combustion modifications. These can reduce NO emissions by up to 50% at reasonable cost. Flue gas treatment systems can achieve greater emissions reductions, but at a much higher cost. 

Fluidized-bed process incinerators have been used mostly in the petroleum and paper industries, and for processing nuclear wastes, spent cook liquor, wood chips, and sewage sludge disposal. Wastes in any physical state can be applied to a fluidized-bed process incinerator. Au.xiliary equipment includes a fuel burner system, an air supply system, and feed systems for liquid and solid wastes. The two basic bed design modes, bubbling bed and circulating bed, are distinguished by the e.xtent to which solids are entrained from the bed into the gas stream. 

The burner system of the gas- and oil-burning boilers are operating under similar draft conditions and preferably in the same room ... 

A flame trap is employed where premixed air and gas is used in combustion equipment and prevents the flame passing upstream into the pipe system. Flame traps should be situated as near as possible to the gas burner. This is so that the flame does not have a long pipe mn in which it might accelerate to such a speed as to form a detonation wave and make the trap useless. 

This is very common nowadays to allow bargaining on fuel price or to arrange an interruptible gas tariff, which is backed up at times of peak demand with a stored oil supply. Most types of oil and gas burner are available in dual-fuel form, normally with gas burner design wrapped around the arrangement for oil firing. This is usually the more difficult fuel to burn, particularly in the case of residual heavy oils. Fuel selection is normally by a switch on the burner control panel after isolation has taken place of the non-fired fuel. To avoid the cost and complexity of the fuel preheating on oil firing, smaller systems use gas oil as the standby fuel. 

To obtain hygienic combustion, it is essential to adjust the equivalence ratio 0 to an ideal value. This value characterises the ratio of the fuel quantity needed for a stoichiometric combustion to the fuel quantity supplied. In most of the common gas appliances, the air supply slightly exceeds the amount of air needed for complete stoichiometric combustion. The exact value for the surplus of air - often referred to as lambda (X) - depends on the configuration of the burner system in question. 

This new burner concept (see Fig. 3.26) was tested with very positive results. The new control reduces emissions and improves the ignition behavior by adjusting the gas supply to the actual air volume. At the same time, the performance of the burner system can be adapted within a wide heat load range without increasing the emission of pollutants, as the sensor keeps the gas-to-air ratio always constant. 

Fired heaters are extensively used in the oil and gas industry to process the raw materials into usable products in a variety of processes. Fuel gas is normally used to fire the units which heat process fluids. Control of the burner system is critical in order to avoid firebox explosions and uncontrolled heater fires due to malfunctions and deterioration of the heat transfer tubes. Microprocessor computers are used to manage and control the burner system. 

PA PCP PCR PFA PGB PHA PID PLC PMACWA PMD POTW ppm PRH PRR psi psig PTFE PVDF PWS picric acid pentachlorophenol propellant collection reactor perfluoroalkoxy product gas burner preliminary hazards analysis proportional integral differential controller programmable logic control Program Manager for Assembled Chemical Weapons Assessment projectile mortar demilitarization (machine) publicly owned treatment works parts per million projectile rotary hydrolyzer propellant removal room pounds per square inch pounds per square inch gauge polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) polyvinylidene fluoride projectile washout system... 

Reactor product gases were effectively treated in the two-stage scrubber system and product gas burner. However, Eco Logic concluded that process modifications might be necessary to control hydrogen sulfide and phosphine in the offgas from the reactor. Also, the liner in the product gas burner showed evidence of corrosion. 

FIGURE 4.40 Flame stability diagram for an operating fuel gas-air mixture burner system. 

Figure 1-14 shows a simplified layout for an SOFC-based APU. The air for reformer operation and cathode requirements is compressed in a single compressor and then split between the unit operations. The external water supply shown in figure 1-14 will most likely not be needed the anode recycle stream provides water. Unreacted anode tail gas is recuperated in a tail gas burner. Additional energy is available in a SOFC system from enthalpy recovery from tail gas effluent streams that are typically 400-600°C. Current thinking is that reformers for transportation fuel based SOFC APUs will be of the exothermic type (i.e. partial oxidation or autothermal reforming), as no viable steam reformers are available for such fuels. 

Finally, the mass flux of conversion gas is primarily controlled by the volume flux of primary air and conversion concepf, whereas for a gas-fired system the mass flux of gas fuel into the combustion chamber is limited by the gas fuel fan capacity and the burner design. 

In this section we consider the combustion of premixed gaseous fuel and air mixtures. Consider first the laboratory Bunsen burner, shown in Figure 10-1 1. Natural gas from the gas supply system enters the bottom of the burner, where it is mixed with air, with flow rates adjusted by the gas valve and holes in the bottom of the burner, where air is sucked in by natural convection. The premixed gases travel up the barrel of the burner (a tubular reactor), and, if flows are suitably adjusted and a match has been used to ignite the mixture, a stable flame forms at the top of the tube. 

The three principal fuels for domestic central heating systems are coal, fuel oil, and gas. The growth of fuel oil has been mostly at the expense of the hand-fired coal furnace. One of the main attractions of fuel oil was automatic heat, and the automatic coal stoker was for a time a lively competitor. Lately its popularity has very much declined. Within recent years the extension of natural gas lines has resulted in increased popularity for gas heating, and in 1950 the sales of gas burners actually surpassed the sales of oil burners, as shown by the following percentage figures on sales of automatic heating equipment gas burners, 56.3% oil burners, 42.6% and automatic stokers, 1.1%. 

Travelling wavefronts, are familiar in non-isothermal gas-phase systems, as flames. Once established, these generally propagate along a tube into a stationary reactant mixture at a steady velocity or can be stabilized on-a burner,... 

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