G glycoprotein

Safety and efficacy with platelet inhibitors other than aspirin (e.g, glycoprotein Ilb/IIIa inhibitors) not established... 

Bums, J.C. (1993). Vesicular stomatitis virus G glycoprotein pseudotyped retroviral vectors concentration to very high titer and efficient gene transfer into mammalian and nonmammalian cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 90, 8033-8037. 

The engineering of eukaryotic genes in eukaryotic organisms (yeast) is still in its infancy and its application is not as well developed as that of the bacterial systems. This is due to the increased complexity encountered in the structure and function of eukaryotic chromosomes. However, many advances have been made in the development of this system, particularly for the production of materials that require post-translational modification of the protein, and where other additional materials must be added before a fully functional molecule is produced (e.g. glycoproteins). 

Nutritionally, carbohydrates may generally be classified as simple sugars (e.g. glucose or fructose), polysaccharides (e.g. homoglycans such as starch or beta-glucans) or complex carbohydrates (e.g. glycoproteins). 

For instance, the liver Kupffer cells and macrophages probably have on their surfaces lectin-like components which recognize a manose determinant of lysosomal glycosidase (e.g. glycoprotein enzyme) and remove them from the blood circulation A similar effect which is applied in affinity chromatography... 

The use of SDS is not always without drawbacks. One of the most important is encountered when the sample is rich in DNA. A terrible viscosity results, which can hamper the electrophoresis process. Moreover, some protein classes (e.g. glycoproteins) bind SDS poorly and are thus poorly separated in the subsequent electrophoresis. In such cases, it is advisable to use cationic detergents. They are usually less potent than SDS, so that a urea-detergent mixture must be used for optimal solubilization (MacFarlane 1989). Moreover, electrophoresis in the presence of cationic detergents must be carried out at a very acidic pH, which is not technically simple but still feasible (MacFarlane 1989). This technique has however gained recent popularity as a double zone electrophoresis method able to separate even membrane proteins (Hartinger et al. 1996), and showing more separation power than SDS electrophoresis alone. 

The location of individual proteins or protein subunits has been established by analyzing pure proteins and immunoprecipitates prepared using specific antisera, or by co-electrophoresis. Proteins containing cysteine residues can be specifically labeled using [ I]iodoacetamide and can be located autoradiographically. If analysis is performed under nondenaturing conditions, specific stains are available to locate certain types of protein, e.g., glycoproteins (A14, H12) and enzymes. 

Autoantigens. Self-antigens of the organism, which may be targets of autoimmune responses by autoreactive B cells (see -autoantibodies) or T cells, including proteins (e.g. enzymes, structural proteins), glycoproteins (e.g. ( -glycoprotein I), nucleic acids... 

When cultured MDCK cells are Infected simultaneously with VSV and Influenza virus, the VSV G glycoprotein (purple) Is found only on the basolateral membrane, whereas the Influenza HA glycoprotein (green) Is found only on the apical membrane. Some cellular proteins (orange circle), especially those with a GPI anchor, are likewise sorted directly to the apical membrane and others to the basolateral membrane (not shown) via specific transport vesicles that bud from the trans-Golgl network. In certain polarized cells, some apical and basolateral proteins are transported together to the basolateral surface the apical proteins (orange oval) then move selectively, by endocytosis and transcytosis, to the apical membrane. [After... 

The majority of proteins bind 1.4 g SDS per 1 g protein (28). However, proteins containing non-protein moieties (e.g. glycoproteins. 

Crowe J E, Jr, Cheung P Y, Wallace E F, et al. (1994). Isolation and characterization of a chimpanzee monoclonal antibody to the G glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 1 701-706. 

However, most biological cell membranes are not perfect two-dimensional molecular arrays. Most surfaces are composed of heterogeneous molecular assemblies and have stereolitical molecular roughness. In some cases, some molecular components of membranes extend their molecular residues into the extracellular phase at a considerable distance from the membrane surface (e.g., glycoprotein residues) as shown in Figure Such extensions of... 

Q C Chemokine Mimicry by Respiratory Syncytial Virus G Glycoprotein... 

The possibility that G glycoprotein mediated FKN-like chemotactic responses was examined using modified Boyden chambers. Leukocytes from naive BALB/c mice, or leukocytes from normal human adults, were tested for chemotaxis toward FKN or G glycoprotein. Both FKN and G glycoprotein induced similar leukocyte chemotaxis that was inhibited with antibodies specific... 

---