Eukaryotes genes

Consensus sequence in the promoter region of many eukaryotic genes that bind a general transcription factor and hence specifies the position where transcription is initiated by the RNA polymerase. 

Li, G. Laszio, A. (1985). Thermotolerance in mammalian cells A possible role for the heat shock proteins. In Changes in Eukaryotic Gene Expression in Response to Environmental Stress (Atkinson, B.G. Walden, D.B. eds.), pp. 349-371, Academic Press, Orlando. 

A third class of sequence elements can either increase or decrease the rate of transcription initiation of eukaryotic genes. These elements are called either enhancers or repressors (or silencers), depending on which effect they have. They have been found in a variety of locations both upstream and downstream of the transcription start site and even within the transcribed portions of some genes. In contrast to proximal and upstream promoter elements, enhancers and silencers can exert their effects when located hundreds or even thousands of bases away from transcription units located on the same chromosome. Surprisingly, enhancers and silencers can function in an orientation-independent fashion. Literally hundreds of these elements have been described. In some cases, the sequence requirements for binding are rigidly constrained in others, considerable sequence variation is... 

The Coding Portions (Exons) of Most Eukaryotic Genes Are Interrupted by Introns... 

All steps—from changes in DNA template, sequence, and accessibility in chromatin to RNA stability—are subject to modulation and hence are potential control sites for eukaryotic gene regulation. 

SPECIAL FEATURES ARE INVOLVED IN REGULATION OF EUKARYOTIC GENE TRANSCRIPTION... 

Chromatin Remodeling Is an Important Aspect of Eukaryotic Gene Expression... 

Finally, the binding of specific transcription factors to cognate DNA elements may result in disruption of nucleosomal structure. Many eukaryotic genes have multiple protein-binding DNA elements. The serial binding of transcription factors to these elements—in a combinatorial fashion—may either directly disrupt the structure of the nucleosome or prevent its re-formation or recruit, via protein-protein interactions, multiprotein coactivator complexes that have the ability to covalently modify or remodel nucleosomes. These reactions result in chromatin-level structural changes that in the end increase DNA accessibifity to other factors and the transcription machinery. 

Certain DNA Elements Enhance or Repress Transcription of Eukaryotic Genes... 

Eukaryotic Genes Can Be Amplified or Rearranged During Development or in Response to Drugs... 

Ono Y, Fujibuchi W, Suwa M. Automatic gene collection system for genome-scale overview of G-protein coupled receptors in eukaryotes. Gene 2005 364 63-73. 

Contreras, R., Cheroutre, H., Degrave, W., and Fiers, W. (1982). Simple, efficient in vitro synthesis of capped RNA useful for direct expression of cloned eukaryotic genes. Nucl. Acids Res. 10, 6353—6362. 

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