Liver Kupffer cells

Hinglais, N., Kazatchkine, M., Mandet, C., Appay, M., and Bariety, J. (1989) Human liver Kupffer cells express CRT, CR3, and CR4 complement receptor antigens. Lab Invest. 61, 509-513. 

Peroxidases. Another group of enzymes, which is involved in the oxidation of xenobiotics, is the peroxidase. There are a number of these enzymes in mammalian tissues prostaglandin synthase found in many tissues, but especially seminal vesicles and also the kidney, the lung, the intestine spleen, and blood vessels lactoperoxidase found in mammary glands myeloperoxidase found in neutrophils, macrophages, liver Kupffer cells, and bone marrow cells. 

Conventional liposomes and lipid complexes. Liposomes were used initially as a model system for cellular membranes to study the biochemistry of membrane proteins.85 Consequently, when liposomes were first tried as a drug delivery system, their bilayers were composed of un-derivatized naturally occurring lipids. Most of such conventional liposomes are taken up by the MPS phagocytes within a few hours of injection, mostly by liver Kupffer cells and spleen macrophages.9 Inside the endosomes and lysosomes of those cells, liposomes are degraded. If the liposomal drugs are membrane permeable, they then can diffuse from the endosomal compartments to the cytoplasm of the macrophage cells and slowly reenter the blood circulation. Because such a clearance... 

Terpstra, V., and van Berkel, T.J., 2000, Scavenger receptors on liver Kupffer cells mediate the in vivo uptake of oxidatively damaged red blood cells in mice, Blood 95 2157-2163. 

For instance, the liver Kupffer cells and macrophages probably have on their surfaces lectin-like components which recognize a manose determinant of lysosomal glycosidase (e.g. glycoprotein enzyme) and remove them from the blood circulation A similar effect which is applied in affinity chromatography... 

After intravenous administration, liposomes are rapidly removed from blood, primarily by cells of the RES, and, foremost, by the liver (Kupffer cells). The half-lives of... 

Derived from the granulocyte-monocyte colony-forming unit, monocytes are peripheral cells in transit from the bone marrow to tissues. Once in the tissues, under the influence of local factors, monocytes become macrophages. Macrophages exist in the liver (Kupffer cells). 

Figure 4 Immunogold localization of mannose-terminal glucocerebrosidase in rat liver Kupffer cells 30 minutes after enzyme infusion. Gold particles are concentrated in the lysosomes. Lys = Lysosome M = mitochondrion Nuc = nucleus PM = plasma membrane. Original magnifications (A) x10,000 (B) x33,000. Bars = 1 pm. (From Ref. 24.)...

G. J. Murray and F. S. Jin. Immunoelectron microscopic localization of mannose-terminal glucocerebrosidase in lysosomes of rat liver Kupffer cells. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 43 149 (1995). 

Cathepsin D is a lysosomal protease present in normal cells at a very low concentration. It is first produced in a precursor form, pro-cathepsin D (52 kDa), and the processed in the cell to an intermediate form of 48 kDa, then finally to the mature forms of 34 kDa and 14 kDa. Phagocytosis of intravenously injected IgG-coated sheep red blood cells by rat liver Kupffer cells did not change the activity of cathepsin D (Brouwer et al. 1981). 

The chemiluminescence test can also be performed routinely with monocytes or liver Kupffer cells. 

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