Beta-glucans

Equation 11 has been popularly used for example to investigate the molecular weights of carboxymethylchitins [51-53], glycodendrimers [54,55], galactomannans [56], beta-glucans [57,58] and alginates [59]. 

LiFSCHiTZ c H, GRUSAK M A, BUTTE N F (2002) Carbohydrate Digestion in Humans from a beta-Glucan-Enriched Barley Is Reduced. JNutr. 132 2593-6. 

Symposium The Beta-Glucan Receptor and Response to PGG, International Congress for Infectious Diseases, Montreal, Canada, July 1990. 

Young, S. H., Dong, W. J. and Jacobs, R. R. (2000). Observation of a partially opened triple-helix conformation in l->3-beta-glucan by fluorescence resonance energy transfer spectroscopy. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 11874-11879. 

Jackson, G. and Bamforth, C. W. (1983). Anomalous haze readings due to beta-glucans. J. Inst. Brew. 89,155-156. 

HV057 Sasatamoinen, M., S. Plaami, J. Kumpulainen, and O. Rantanen. Concentrations of water soluble and in- HV068 soluble beta-glucan and phytic acid in 6 row and 2-row barley. Cereal Res Commun 1991 19(4) 391-397. 

B. Sundberg, P. Aman, and H. Anders- HV083 son. Oat beta-glucan increases bile acid excretion and a fiber-rich barley fraction increases cholesterol excretion in ileostomy subjects. Amer J Clin HV084... 

Lehtonen, M., and R. Aikasalo. Beta-glucan in two-and six-rowed barley. Cereal Chem 1987 64(3) 191-193. Argandona, V. H., G. E. Zuniga, and L. ]. Corcuera. Distribution of gramine and hydroxamic acids and wheat leaves. Phytochemistry 1987 26(7) 1917-1918. 

HV137 Delaney B., T. Carlson, S. Frazer, et al. Evaluation of the toxicity of concen-trated barley beta-glucan in a 28-day feeding study in Wistar rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2003 41(4) 477-487. 

HV169 Keogh G. F., G. J. Cooper, T. B. Mulvey, et al. Randomized controlled crossover study of the effect of a highly beta-glucan-enriched barley on cardiovascular disease risk factors in mildly hypercholesterolemic men. Am J Clin Nutr 2003 78(4) 711-718. 

HV185 Bourdon I., W. Yokoyama, P. Davis, et al. Postprandial lipid, glucose, insulin, and cholecystokinin responses in men fed barley pasta enriched with beta-glucan. Am J Clin Nutr 1999 69(1) 55-63. 

Zheng, R. Hess, K. Ostergren, ]. Haworth and N. Knutson. Beta-glucan franctions from barley and oats are similarly antiatherogenic in hypercho-lesterolemic Syrian golden hamsters. J Nutr 2003 133(2) 468-475. 

Figure 15 Fluorescence intensity profiles of cross sections of three oat kernels with different levels of mixed-linkage beta-glucan after staining with the beta-glucan specific fluorochrome Calcofluor (highest peaks indicate highest concentrations of beta-glucan). Note that the polymer is not uniformly distributed throughout the kernel.

Bell, S., Goldman, V.M., Bistrian, B.R., Arnold, A.H., Ostroff, G., and Forse, R.A. 1999. Effect of beta-glucan from oats and yeast on serum lipids. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 39, 189-202. 

Bohm N, Kulicke WM (1999) Rheological studies of barley (l->3)(l->4)-beta-glucan in concentrated solution mechanistic and kinetic investigation of the gel formation. Carbohydr Res 315 302-311... 

Nutritionally, carbohydrates may generally be classified as simple sugars (e.g. glucose or fructose), polysaccharides (e.g. homoglycans such as starch or beta-glucans) or complex carbohydrates (e.g. glycoproteins). 

Wood, P.J. Beer, M.U. Butler, G. 2000. Evaluation of role of concentration and molecular weight of oat beta-glucan in determining effect of viscosity on plasma glucose and insulin following an oral glucose load. Br. J. Nutr. 84 19-23. 

Uusitupa, M.l. et al., A controlled study on the effect of beta-glucan-rich oat bran on serum lipids in hypercholesterolemic subjects relation to apolipoprotein E phenotype, J. Am. Coll. Nutr., 6, 651, 1992. 

Laminarin. A beta-glucan polysaccharide produced by many chromists through photos)mthesis. 

Czop, J.K. and Austen, K.F. (1985). Generation ofleukotrienes by human monocytes upon stimulation of their beta-glucan receptor during phagocytosis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82, 2751-2755. 

Oats and oat-containing foods Soluble fiber beta glucan Reduce cholesterol... 

The primary use of cellulase in the feed industry has been in barley- and wheat-based feeds for broiler chickens and pigs. The barley and wheat contain soluble beta-glucans that increase the viscosity of the feed in the gut of the animal. This, in turn, causes an uptake of water, which decreases the amount of carbohydrate and vitamins that the animal obtains from the feed, as well as causing sticky stool and related problems of disease and effluent disposal [21, 22]. Inclusion of cellulase in the feed, as well as xylanase and other enzymes, helps to overcome these problems. 

Cellulase enzymes break down cellulose and beta-glucan associated with the cell walls, thereby decreasing the viscosity of the mash and increasing the ease of the juice recovery. The conversion of cellulose and beta-glucans into soluble... 

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