Fusarium rot

Fusarium roseum var. arthrosporioid.es (Sherb.) Messiaen, Cassini Fusarium rot + ... 

Fusarium rot is caused by several Fusarium species and is frequently isolated from diseased tubers (McCarter and Kays, 1984). Rots were most severe at 25 to 30°C and can be prevented with temperatures below 5°C. 

Fusarium oxysporum fsp. radicis-lycopersici Jarvis and Shoemaker (FORE) (Jarvis and Shoemaker, 1978) [1] is a pathogen of tomato which, with the arrival of intensive tomato culture under glass, has developed to serious proportions [2]. This forma specialis of F. oxysporum affects largely the root and crown tissues of tomato and the symptoms occur as foot and root rot. FORL isolates are pathogenic on tomato plants with genes for resistance to races 1 and 2 of Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. fsp. lycopersici (Sacc.) Snyd. Hans (FOL), that cause the common Fusarium wilt of the tomato. However, although resistance to FORL has been found and incorporated into commercial cultivars, the disease is a severe problem in wide areas of the North Hemisphere [3-9]. 

M. N. Schroth and W. C. Snyder, Effect of host exudates on chlamydospore germination of the bean root rot fungus Fusarium solani f. phaseoli. Phytopathology 51 389 (1961). 

Fusarium moniliforme sya verticillioides causes the so-called ear rot disease in maize and produces fumonisin B, (IB,), one of the most frequently detected mycotoxins in the food supply chain worldwide (Steyn, 1995). FBi can inhibit lipid formation, particularly in the liver. Fumonisins have been detected and investigated only relatively recently. Several structurally related forms of fumonisins (FBS) have been associated with human cancer (e.g. FB with oesophageal cancer) as well as with a host of problems in livestock fed with FB -contaminated feed (D Mello, 2003 Benbrook, 2005). 

Choi H, Chung I, Sin MH, Kim YS, Sim J, Kim J, Kim KD, Chun S (2007) The effect of spent mushroom sawdust compost mixes, calcium cyanamide and solarization on basal stem rot of the cactus Hylocereus trigonus caused by Fusarium oxysporum. Crop Prot 26 162-168. doi 10.1016/j.cropro.2006.04.017... 

Sutton JC (1982) Epidemiology of wheat head blight and maize ear rot caused by Fusarium gramineamm. Can J Plant Pathol 4 195-209... 

In the first case the cutting undergoes a rot on its base, resulting in its death. In Ecuador and in Costa Rica isolations made of infected material have given Colletorichum, Fusarium, and Diplodia, as well as bacteria. 

In the case of fumonisin control, there is also a strong relationship between insect damage and fusarium ear rot. Corn genotypes containing the anti-insectant protein Bt had lower fumonisin content (Munkvold et al., 1997, 1999). 

Munkvold, G.P., Hellmich, R.L. and Showers, W.B., Reduced Fusarium ear rot and symptomless infection in kernels of maize genetically engineered for European corn borer resistance. Phytopathology, 87, 1071, 1997. 

There are several reports of the use of ozone with biotic pathogens, and the responses noted were independent of each other. These reports include Lophodermium pinastri infection of white pine, Fusarium. infection of cabbage, Botrytis infection of poinsettia bracts, rust on bean, and brown root rot of tomato. These results could reflect the conditions used. 

Moller, E. M., Chelkowski, J., and Geiger, H. H. (1999). Species-spedfic PCR assays for the fungal pathogens Fusarium moniliforme and Fusarium subglutinans and their application to diagnose maize ear rot disease. /. Phytopathol. (Berlin) 147, 497-508. 

Tan, M. K., and Niessen, L. (2003). Analysis of rDNA ITS sequences to determine genetic relationships among, and provide a basis for simplified diagnosis of Fusarium species causing crown rot and head blight of cereals. Mycol. Res. 107, 811-821. 

Williams, K. J., Dennis, J. L, Smyl, C., and WaUwork, H. (2002). The application of species-specific assays based on the polymerase chain reaction to analyse Fusarium crown rot of durum wheat. Australas. Plant Pathol. 31,119-127. 

---