Fusarium moniliforme

This fungal parasite of the Gramineae contains four dark-red pigments 30 they are the naphthaquinones javanicin, solaniol, and fusarubin together with the structurally related alkaloid 8-O-methylbostrycoidin (29). 

Lycoperdic acid (30), as well as its ring-opened compound H02C(CH2)2C(0H)-(C02H)CH2CH(NH3)C02, have been isolated from this common forest mushroom.31 

Rhugenda-Banga, A. Welter, J. Jadot, and J. Casimir, Phytochemistry, 1979,18, 482. 

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The interaction between c Phaseolus vulgaris L. was investigated using a biosensor technique based on sur ce plasmon resonance (BIAlite). This new analytical system provides information on the strength and the kinetics of biomolecular interactions. 

Fig. 2. Sensorgrams of Fusarium moniliforme enddPG injected over a PGIP surface at different concentrations.

Extracellular PG activity was not detected in cultures on glucose, a similar situation to that of Fusarium moniliforme (18). In contrast, all our data confirm the presence of the protein and the mRNA of PG in non-inducing conditions our assays did reveal no differences between FORL PG growing on both conditions, regarding migration or other detectable characteristics that could justify the presence of the enzyme and its lack activity. It is posible that a very low concentration of the enzyme results in undetectable activity in enzyme assays. 

Plattner, R. D. Weisleder, D. Poling, S. M. Analytical determination of fumonisims and other metabolites produced by Fusarium moniliforme and related species on com. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 1996, 392, 57-64. 

Fusarium moniliforme sya verticillioides causes the so-called ear rot disease in maize and produces fumonisin B, (IB,), one of the most frequently detected mycotoxins in the food supply chain worldwide (Steyn, 1995). FBi can inhibit lipid formation, particularly in the liver. Fumonisins have been detected and investigated only relatively recently. Several structurally related forms of fumonisins (FBS) have been associated with human cancer (e.g. FB with oesophageal cancer) as well as with a host of problems in livestock fed with FB -contaminated feed (D Mello, 2003 Benbrook, 2005). 

Velluti A, Marin S, Bettucci L, Ramos AJ, Sanchis V (2000) The effect of fungal competition on colonization of maize grain by Fusarium moniliforme, F. proliferatum and F. graminearum and on fumonisin B and zearalenone formation. Int J Food Microbiol 59 59-66... 

Pickled and salt-preserved foods, in particular plant-based products (pickled vegetables) in which microbial reduction of nitrate to nitrite occurs. Foodstuffs stored under humid conditions favouring fungal contamination, particularly the growth of Fusarium moniliforme. 

In a paper that addresses both these topics, Gordon et al.11 explain how they followed a com mixture fermented by Fusarium moniliforme spores. They followed the concentrations of starch, lipids, and protein throughout the reaction. The amounts of Fusarium and even com were also measured. A multiple linear regression (MLR) method was satisfactory, with standard errors of prediction (SEP) for the constituents being 0.37% for starch, 4.57% for lipid, 4.62% for protein, 2.38% for Fusarium, and 0.16% for com. It may be inferred from the data that PLS or PCA (principal components analysis) may have given more accurate results. 

Gelderblom, W.C. et al.. Cancer promoting potential of different strains of Fusarium moniliforme in a short-term cancer initiation/promotion assay. Carcinogenesis, 9, 1405, 1988. 

Bacon CW et al, Biological control of Fusarium moniliforme in maize. Environ Health Perspec Suppl 109 325-332, 2001. 

International Agency for Research on Cancer (lARC) (1993). Toxins derived from Fusarium moniliforme Fumonisins Bi and Bz and Fusarin C. In "lARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risks to Humans Some Naturally Occurring Substances Food Items and Constituents, Heterocyclic Aromaotic Amines and Mycotoxins," vol. 56, pp. 445 66. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France. 

Moller, E. M., Chelkowski, J., and Geiger, H. H. (1999). Species-spedfic PCR assays for the fungal pathogens Fusarium moniliforme and Fusarium subglutinans and their application to diagnose maize ear rot disease. /. Phytopathol. (Berlin) 147, 497-508. 

Fumonisin B, (see Toxins derived from Fusarium monilifomte) Fumonisin Bj (see Toxins derived from Fusarium moniliforme) Furan... 

Fusarin C (see Toxins derived from Fusarium moniliforme)... 

When consumed, the combread is often contaminated with the mold Fusarium moniliforme, and it has been shown (150,151) that this mold, in the presence of nitrite, will elaborate a range of IV-nitroso compounds Me2NNO, Et2NNO, Me(PhCH2)NNO, and (Me2CHCH2CH2)-(CH3COCHMe)NNO. Combread contaminated in this way induces tumors in rats (150). 

Fumonisins, first isolated from corn cultures of Fusarium moniliforme, are also produced by several other Fusarium species (F. anthophilum, F. proliferatum, F. dlamini, F. napiforme, and F. nygamai) (68). From the seven structurally related fumonisin analogs, only fuminisins B, (FB,), B2 (FB2), and B3 (FB3) are naturally occurring in com (69,70). The first two invariably occur together and have been extensively studied. Molecular structures of fumonisins are shown in Fig. 8. 

PF Ross, PE Nelson, JL Richard, GD Osweiler, LG Rice, RD Plattner, TM Wilson. Production of fumonisins by Fusarium moniliforme and Fusarium proliferatum isolates associated with equine leukoencephalomalacia and a pulmonary oedema syndrome in swine. Appl Env Microbiol 56 3225, 1990. 

RD Plattner. Detection of fumonisins produced in Fusarium moniliforme cultures by HPLC with electrospray MS and evaporative light scattering detectors. Nat Toxins 3 294-298, 1995. 

RD Plattner, D Weisleder, SM Poling. Analytical determination of fumonisins and other metabolites produced by Fusarium moniliforme and related species in com. In LS Jackson, JW DeVries, LB Bullerman, eds. Fumonisins in Food. New York Plenum Press, 1996, pp 57-64. 

Synthesis, Isolation, and Characterization of C14-Gibberellin. Cultural conditions for growing GibbereUa fujikuroi (Fusarium moniliforme Sheld.), strain NRRL 2284, have been described (15). 

Hydrolytic degradation of poly(e-CL)/PLLA block copolyester at pH 7.4 and 37 °C over a 5-week period is controlled by the initial crystallinity of the poly(e-CL) and its overall composition. The rate of degradation increased with increasing PLLA content [203 ]. Microorganisms, such as Fusarium solani and Fusarium moniliforme, that secrete poly(e-CL) depolymerase (cutinase), were more effective with those polymers that had longer poly(e-CL) sequence lengths [218]. The... 

Vert et al. exposed compression-molded racemic PDLLA to a mixed culture of Fusarium moniliforme and Pseudomonas putida at 30 °C [63]. The polymer... 

Chemical structure of moniliformin, toxin isolated from Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon. 

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