Fusarium nivale Nivalenol

Nivalenol, 12,13-Epoxy-3,4,7,15-tetrahydroxytri-chothec-9-en-S-one 3a,4d,7o,l 5-tetrahydroxyscirp-9-en-8-one. C[jHj,07 mol wt 3)2.33. C 57.69%, H 6.45%, O 35.86%. Trichothecene myctrtoxin isolated from Fusarium nivale T. Tatsuno et al., Chem. Pharm Bull. 16, 2519 (1968). Structure eidem. Tetrahedron Letters 1969, 2823. Toxicology T. Tatsuno, Cancer Res. 28, 2393 (1968). Implicated as a chemical warfare agent in Southeast Asia with... 

The red mold disease of wheat and barley in Japan is prevalent in the region that faces the Pacific Ocean.4 Toxic trichothecenes, including nivalenol, deoxynivalenol, and monoacetyl-nivalenol (fusarenon-X) from Fusarium nivale, can be isolated from moldy grains. In the suburbs of Tokyo, an illness similar to red mold disease was described in an outbreak of a food-borne disease, as a result of the consumption of Fusarium-infected rice.35 Ingestion of moldy grains that are contaminated with trichothecenes has been associated with mycotoxicosis in domestic farm animals.4... 

Tatsuno T, Morita Y, Tsunoda H, Umeda M (1970) Recherches Toxicologiques des Substances Metaboliques du Fusarium nivale, VII. La Troisieme Substance Meta-bolique de F. nivale, le Diacetate de Nivalenol. Chem Pharm Bull 18 1485... 

Nivalenol (NIV) was discovered by Japanese scientists from the culture medium of Fusarium nivale strain Fn-2B obtained from Fusarium head bhght-infected wheat, in Japan [1]. Subsequently, Fn-2B was reclassified as a new species, F. kyushuense... 

Tatsuno T, Saito M, Enomoto M, Tsunoda H (1968) Nivalenol, a toxic principle of Fusarium nivale. Chem Pharm Bull 16 2519... 

Tatsuno T, Fujimoto Y, Morita Y (1969) Toxicological research on substances from Fusarium nivale III. The structure of nivalenol and its monoacetate.Tetrahedron Fett 33 2823... 

Ohtsubo K, Ryu JC, Nakamura K, Izumiyama N, Tanaka T, Yamamura H, Kobayashi T, Ueno Y (1989) Chrraiic toxicity of nivalenol in female mice a 2-year feeding study with Fusarium nivale Fn 2B-moulded rice. Food Chem Toxicol 27 591... 

Ohtsubo K, Yamad MA, Saito M (1968) Inhibitory effect of nivalenol, a toxic metabolite of fusarium nivale, on the growth cycle and biopolymer synthesis of HELA cells. Jpn J med Sci Biol 21 185... 

Ueno Y, Hosoya M, Morita Y, Ueno I, Tatsuno T (1968) Inhibition of the protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocyte by Nivalenol, a toxic principle isolated from Fusarium nivale-growing rice. J Biochem 64 479... 

Tamm, Ch., and W. Breitenstein The biosynthesis of trichothecene mycotoxins. In Biosynthesis of Mycotoxins (Steyn, P. S., ed.), p. 69. New York Academic Press. 1980. Tatsuno, T. Chemical synthesis of trichothecenes. Dev. Food Sci. 4, 47 (1983). Tatsuno, T., Y. Fujimoto, and Y. Morita Toxicological research on substances from Fusarium nivale. III. Structure of nivalenol and its monoacetate. Tetrahedron Letters 1969, 2823. 

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