Fusarium head blight

Buerstmayr H, Legzdina L, Steiner B and Lemmens M (2004), Variation for resistance to Fusarium head blight in spring barley , Euphytica, 137, 279-290. 

Edwards S G, Pirgozliev S R, Hare M C and Jenkinson P (2001), Quantification of trichothecene-producing Fusarium species in harvested grain by competitive PCR to determine efficacies of fungicides against Fusarium head blight of winter wheat , Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 67, 1575-1580. 

Fauzi M T and Paulitz T C (1994), The effect of plant growth regulators and nitrogen on Fusarium head blight of the spring wheat cultivar Max , Plant Dis., 78, 289-292. 

Gilbert J and Tekauz A (2000), Recent developments in research on Fusarium head blight of wheat in Canada , Can. J. Plant Pathol., 22, 1-8. 

HeierT, Jain S K, Kogel KH and Pons-Kuehnemann J (2005), Influence of N-fertilization and fungicide strategies on Fusarium head blight severity and mycotoxin content in... 

Lemmens M, Haim K, Lew H and Ruckenbauer P (2004), The effect of nitrogen fertilization on Fusarium head blight development and deoxynivalenol contamination in wheat , J. Phytopathol., 152, 1-8. 

Mesterhazy A (1995), Types and components of resistance to Fusarium head blight of wheat , Plant Breeding, 114, 377-386. 

Mesterhazy A, Bartok T and Lamper C (2003), Influence of wheat cultivar, species of Fusarium and isolate aggressiveness on the efficacy of fungicides for control of Fusarium head blight , Plant Dis., 87, 1107-1115. 

Obst A, Lepschy J and Beck R (1997), On the etiology of fusarium head blight of wheat in south Germany - preceding crops, weather conditions for inoculum production and head infection, proneness of the crop to infection and mycotoxin production , Cereal Res. Commun., 25, 699-703. 

Pirgozliev S R, Edwards S G, Hare M C and Jenkinson P (2003), Strategies for the control of Fusarium head blight in cereals , Europ. J. Plant Pathol., 109, 731-742. 

Walker S L, Leath S, Hagler W M and Murphy J P (2001), Variation among isolates of Fusarium graminearum associated with Fusarium head blight in North Carolina , Plant Dis., 85, 404—410. 

Mesterhazy A, Bartok T, Mirocha CG, Komoroczy R (1999) Nature of wheat resistance to Fusarium head blight and the role of deoxynivalenol for breeding. Plant Breed 118 97-110 Michales SD, Amasimo RM (2000) Memories of winter vernalization and the competence to flower. Plant Cell Environ 23 1145-1153... 

Miller, J.D. and Arnison, P.G., Degradation of deoxynivalenol by suspension cultures of the Fusarium head blight resistant cultivar Frontana, Can. J. Plant. Pathol., 8, 147, 1986. 

Champeil, A., Fourbet, J.F, Dore, T. and Rossignol, L. 2004. Influence of cropping system on Fusarium head blight and mycotoxin levels in winter wheat. Crop Protection 23 531-537. 

Siranidou, E., Kang, Z., Buchenauer, H. Studies on symptom development, phenolic compounds and morphological defence responses in wheat cultivars differing in resistance to Fusarium head blight. J Phytopathol 2002 150 200-208. 

Champed A, Dore T, Fourbet JF (2004) Fusarium head blight epidemiological origin of the effects of cultural practices on head blight attacks and the production of mycotoxins by Fusarium in wheat grains. Plant Sci 166 1389-1415... 

The foreign body issue can be extended to that of small food product streams contaminated by abnormal individual units. For example, in grain streams it is necessary to detect any contamination by abnormal kernels and to remove these in order to maintain the level of contamination within regulatory limits. In par-hcular, mold contaminahon is of great concern in the grain industry. As an example, Fusarium head blight (also called scab ) produces mycotoxins (deoxyni-valenol, DON) that become concentrated in (but are not limited to) the infected kernel. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) specifies that the DON content of finished wheat products destined for human consumption should not exceed 1 ppm. Moreover, the monetary value of wheat may be reduced by 40% (or even more) if only 5% of the kernels are infected. 

Table II Tests for Fusarium head blight resistance of spring wheats...

Beside Fusarium head blight, metconazole controls the disease complex in wheat and barley caused by rusts, Septoria, powdery mildew, Rhynchosporium and Drechskra species at low rates of between 60 and 90 g-a.i. ha . In oilseed rape the same rates are needed to combat Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Phoma, Altemaria and other pathogens. 

Leplat, J., Friberg, H., Abid, M., Steinberg, C. (2013). Survival of Fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of Fusarium head blight. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 33, 97-111. 

Schwarz, R, Horsley, R., Steffenson, B., Salas, B., Barr, M. (2006). Quality risks associated with the utilisation of Fusarium head blight infected malting barley. Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists, 64,1-7. 

Zhou, B., He, G.-Q., Schwarz, P. (2008). Occurrence of bound deoxynivalenol in Fusarium head blight-infected barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and malt as determined by solvolysis with trifluoroacetic acid. Journal of Food Protection, 71,1266-1269. 

Nakajima T, Yoshida M (2007) Mycotoxin productivity and virulence of Fusarium graminearum species complex causing Fusarium head blight on wheat and barley in the western part of Japan. Japanese Journal of Phytopathology 73 106... 

Phil Williams. The status of research on application of NIRS to prediction of Fusarium Head Blight (Scab) in terms of DON. In Near Infrared Spectroscopy. Proceedings of the 11th International Conference onNear Infrared Spectroscopy, Cordoba, Spain. A. M. C. Davies, A. Garrido-Varo co-eds. NIR Publications, Chichester, UK, 2004, p. 1051-1055. 

Gale, L.R. (2003) Population structure of Fusarium species causing head blight of grain crops. In Fusarium Head Blight of wheat and barley (Leonard, K.J., and Bushnell, W.R., eds), pp. 120-143, American Phytopathological Society, St Paul, MN... 

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