Furnace schematic

Float glass furnace schematic showing LTS-100 measurement beam path. (From Jenkins, T. P., and Bergmans, J. L. "Measurements of Temperature and FF20 Mole Fraction in a Glass Furnace Using Diode Laser Absorption." Paper presented at the IEEE Sensors 2005 Conference, Irvine, CA, 2005. With permission.)... 

Figure 6.5.21 Sectional view of the interior of a blast furnace (schematically, hatched cohesive zone, where the metallic burden loses permeability, impeding gas flow).

Fig. 1. A cut-away schematic of a typical a-c open-arc, steelmaking, eccentric bottom tapping (EBT) furnace.

Fig. 7. Schematic drawing of a HaIs arc furnace. A, ground B, ignition electrode C, beU-shaped cathode D, insulator E, turbulence chamber F, ground ...

Fig. 4. Schematic illustration of an Imperial smelting furnace plant. LHV = low heating value.

These operations are all conducted in the single unit of the Kivcet furnace, which consists of a smelting shaft, gas removal shaft, and electrothermic part. A schematic of the Kivcet process is shown in Figure 5 (13). The electrothermal part is separated from the smelt shaft in the gas space by a partition... 

Fig. 3. Schematic diagram of the iron blast furnace indicating some of the chemical reactions (3).

Fig. 2. Schematic arrangement of a furnace in a vacuum chamber equipped with charging and mold locks for vacuum induction melting (1) (a) front cross...

Fig. 3. Schematic representation of the principle of design and operation of a consumble-electrode furnace for melting steels in a vacuum (1).

Fig. 3. Schematic of an electric-arc furnace. Courtesy of UCAR Carbon Technology Corp.

Figure 15.26 Schematic illustration of remelt furnace showing location of failure.

Figure 13.1 Schematic diagram of the blast furnace for the co-production of liquid lead and zince...

Fig. 6-11. Schematic diagram of the kraft pulping process (6). 1, digester 2, blow tank 3, blow heat recovery 4, washers 5, screens 6, dryers 7, oxidation tower 8, foam tank 9, multiple effect evaporator 10, direct evaporator 11, recovery furnace 12, electrostatic precipitator 13, dissolver, 14, causticizer 15, mud filter 16, lime khn 17, slaker 18, sewer.

Figure 10.4 shows a schematic representation of the multidimensional GC-IRMS System developed by Nitz et al. (27). The performance of this system is demonstrated with an application from the field of flavour analysis. A Siemens SiChromat 2-8 double-oven gas chromatograph equipped with two FIDs, a live-T switching device and two capillary columns was coupled on-line with a triple-collector (masses 44,45 and 46) isotope ratio mass spectrometer via a high efficiency combustion furnace. The column eluate could be directed either to FID3 or to the MS by means of a modified Deans switching system . 

Isothermal Infiltration. Several infiltration procedures have been developed, which are shown schematically in Fig. 5.15.P3] In isothermal infiltration (5.15a), the gases surround the porous substrate and enter by diffusion. The concentration of reactants is higher toward the outside of the porous substrate, and deposition occurs preferentially in the outer portions forming a skin which impedes further infiltration. It is often necessary to interrupt the process and remove the skin by machining so that the interior of the substrate may be densified. In spite of this limitation, isothermal infiltration is used widely because it lends itself well to simultaneous processing of a great number of parts in large furnaces. It is used for the fabrication of carbon-carbon composites for aircraft brakes and silicon carbide composites for aerospace applications (see Ch. 19). 

Figure 15-12 is a schematic illustration of a technique known as acid volatile sulfides/ simultaneously extracted metals analysis (AVS/SEM). Briefly, a strong acid is added to a sediment sample to release the sediment-associated sulfides, acid volatile sulfides, which are analyzed by a cold-acid purge-and-trap technique (e.g., Allen et ai, 1993). The assumption shown in Fig. 15-12 is that the sulfides are present in the sediments in the form of either FeS or MeS (a metal sulfide). In a parallel analysis, metals simultaneously released with the sulfides (the simultaneously extracted metals) are also quantified, for example, by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Metals released during the acid attack are considered to be associated with the phases operationally defined as "exchangeable," "carbonate," "Fe and Mn oxides," "FeS," and "MeS."... 

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of a tri-arc furnace for crystal pulling.

The reactor used for the aluminothermic reduction of niobium pentoxide is shown schematically in Figure 4.17 (A). It is a steel pipe, lined on the inside with alumina and provided with a pipe cap. The charge, consisting of stoichiometric amounts of niobium pentoxide and aluminum powder, is blended and loaded in the lined pipe, and covered with alumina. The cap is closed and the reaction initiated by placing the loaded bomb in a gas-fired furnace, preheated to 800 °C, and by raising the temperature of the furnace to 1100 °C. 

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