Fungistatics

CUCI2 on phenyl magnesium halides also provide reasonable quantities of diphenyl. Uses include its action as a fungistat during shipment of apples and oranges, and as a heat transfer agent (dowtherms) mixed with diphenyl ether and terphenyls. 

Fungistats Fungi trol Fungi trolll Fungizone [1397-89-3]... 

Reaction of MEK with ammonia and hydrogen produces j i -butylarnine, a fungistat and condensation with aUphatic esters under strongly alkaline conditions produces 1,3-diketones. 

Food apphcations of sorbates expanded rapidly after issuance of the original patents in 1945 (92). The first uses were based on their excellent fungistatic properties and thus involved foods with low pH and/or low water activity in which yeasts and molds are the primary spoilage agents. More recent appHcation research has been directed toward utilizing the bacteriostatic properties of sorbates. 

Fruit and Vegetable Products. Sorbates are appHed at 0.05—0.1 wt % as a fungistat for pmnes, pickles, reHshes, maraschino cherries, oHves, and figs (64,112). The same levels extend shelf life of prepared salads such as potato salad, cole slaw, and tuna salad (99). In fermented vegetables, sorbates protect the finished product by retarding yeasts during fermentation or in the cover brine (r65,r72—r74,r94). 

Bactenostat, fungistat, etc, are agents that only claim to inhibit, not necessarily kill, microorganisms. In some cases, if they prevent proliferation of microorganisms for sufficient time, these agents may serve as effectively as if they killed the microorganisms. 

A few commercial applications of benzofuroxans have been suggested in the Patent literature and elsewhere. A wide range of biological activity (fungicidal or fungistatic,bactericidal,i -parasiticidal,i3i and insecticidaP i i jj s been claimed for... 

This cyclic hydroxamic acid (10) and the related demethoxy compound have been isolated from corn seedlings. Both compounds are fungistatic agents. 

Fungistat. An agency which prevents fungal proliferation. 

L. A. Silo-Suh, B. J. Lethbridge, S. J. Raffel, H. He, J. Clardy, and J. Handelsman, Biological activities of two fungistatic antibiotics produced by Bacillus cercus UW85. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60 2023 (1994). 

Plastic materials may be protected against microbial attack by incorporation of an active fungistat.8 These are substances that lead to a suppression of fungal growth on the plastic materials. 

Some selected fungistats that are used to protect plastic materials against fungal attack are listed below ... 

Test Method. There are several standard methods available to investigate the fungistatic activity of plastic materials (e.g. ISO 846, ASTM G21, ASTM E 1428). In the given study a method has been used which is not yet a standard test method but which is at the moment passing through the official procedure to become an ISO standard The NS A method. 

To demonstrate the fungistatic activity in another type of plastic polyurethane foams, equipped with different concentrations of OIT, have been investigated. Results of the NSA test on those samples are listed in table 2. 

Antifouhng agents - Antibacterials - Antiallergics -Antimicrobials - Biostabilisers - Biocides -Fungistats - Germicides Antioxidants Antiozonants... 

Beyond physical barrier protection, several natural processes lead to skin surface conditions unfavorable to microbial growth. Both sebaceous and eccrine secretions are acidic, lowering the surface pH of the skin below that welcomed by most pathogens. This acid mantle (pH 5) [16] is moderately bacteriostatic. Sebum also contains a number of short-chain fungistatic and bacteriostatic fatty acids, including propanoic, butanoic, hexanoic, and heptanoic acids [17]. That the skin s surface is dry also offers a level of protection. It comes as no surprise that fungal infections and other skin infections are more prevalent in the skin s folds... 

Nielson125 reports the synthesis of 7-((V-aIkylamino)- and T-(N,N-di-alkylamino)-l,3,5-triazaadamantanes by reductive alkylation of 94, which is obtained from 91 by an improved hydrogenation procedure (rhodium-charcoal catalyst, 25.5 psi). Paper chromatography54 and the Kovats indices and relative elution volumes of 1,3,5-triazaadamantane derivatives are measured.55 7-Amino-l,3,5-triazaadamantane is used as a vulcanization accelerator.127 7-(N,N-Dialkylamino)-l,3,5-triazaadamantanes are utilized as a new class of high-density fuel (DIADAM).128 Some 7-substituted 1,3,5-triazaadamantanes have bacteriostatic and fungistatic activity.129 7-Bromo-,... 

One of the first HDAC inhibitors to be identified and characterized was sodium butyrate, where it was found to alter the histone acetylation state (Riggs et al, 1977), and further determined to inhibit HDAC activity both in vitro and in vivo (Candido et al, 1978). Almost a decade later trichostatin A (TSA), a fungistatic antibiotic, was found to induce murine erythroleukemia cell differentiation (Yoshida et al, 1987). To date, a wide range of molecules have been described that inhibit the activity of Class I and Class II HDAC enzymes, and with a few exceptions, can be divided into structural classes including (1) small-molecule hydroxamates, such as TSA, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), scriptaid and oxamflatin (2) short-chain fatty-acids, such as sodium butyrate, sodium phenylbutyrate and valproic acid (VPA) (3) cyclic tetrapeptides, such as apicidin, trapoxin and the depsipeptide FK-228 and (4) benzamides, such as MS-275 and Cl-994 (for reviews see Remiszewski et al, 2002 Miller et al, 2003). Some of these molecules are represented in Fig. 4. 

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