Fungistatic effect

Griseofulvin (Fulvicin and Grisactin) is a fungistatic effective against various dermatophytes, including Microsporum, Epidermophyton, and Trichophyton, that produce diseases of the skin, hair, and nails. It exerts its effect by inhibiting fungal mitosis. 

Transferrin is mainly synthesized in the hepatocytes. There are about 20 known variants. Iron is transported by transferrin (approx. 30% of transferrin is saturated with iron). With the help of a membrane receptor, the iron-transferrin complex is taken up and released in the liver cell, where it is immediately bound (because of its toxicity) to ferritin. The liver cells take up iron predominantly from transferrin, to a lesser degree also from haptoglobin, haemopexin, lactoferrin and circulating ferrin. Transferrin, which is mainly formed in the hepatocytes, may also bind and transport, in decreasing order, chromium, copper, manganese, cobalt, cadmium, zinc and nickel. The half-life of transferrin is 1 - 2 hours, which is very short in view of its total blood concentration of 3-4 mg. Approximately 0.4 g ferritin iron is stored in the liver. In the case of transferrin deficiency, its bacteriostatic and fungistatic effects are also reduced. Transferrin without iron saturation is known as apo-transferrin. (31, 66, 67)... 

For camosol bacteriostatic and fungistatic effects were found (Shelef et al., 1984). The following MICs where found for camosol 1 10,000 (S. aureus) and 1 1000 (E. coli). 

Pederson, C.S., Albury, M.N., and Christensen, M.D. 1961. The growth of yeasts in grape juice stored at low temperatures. IV. Fungistatic effects of organic acids. Appl. Microbiol. 9, 162-167. 

McPartland JM. (1984) Pathogenicity of Phomopsis ganjae on Cannabis sativa and the fungistatic effect of cannabinoids produced by the host. Mycopathologia 87 149-153. 

Various IcP derivatives have exhibited antimicrobial and fungistatic effects. Salt 5-lauril-l-Me-IcP-2-one is the most efficient and surpasses Furacillin with respect to some microorganisms. Another salt, 4-NH2-5-lauril-l,3-diMeIcP-2-one bromide, was less active but also less toxic and was more active than Furacillin in a number of cases (88SUP851940). 

Okkers, D. J., Dicks, L. M. T., Silvester, M., Joubert, J. J., Odendaal, H. J. (1999). Characterization of pentocin TV35b, a bacteriocin-like peptide isolated from Lactobacilluspentosus with a fungistatic effect on Candida albicans. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 87, 726-734. 

Okazaki, K. and S. Oshima, 1952b. Antibacterial activity of higher plants. XXII. Antimicrobial effect of essential oils. 1. Fungistatic effect of clove oil and eugenoh Yakugaku Zasshi, 72 664-667. 

Franich R A, Gadgil P D, Shain L 1983 Fungistatic effects of Pinus radiata needle epicuticular fatty and resin acids on Dothistroma pini. Physiol Plant Pathol 23 183-195... 

Nnmerous antibiotics and antiseptics known to act on wine yeasts have not yet been anthorized, for reasons of hygiene. One those most recently proposed, 5-nitrofurylacrylic acid, is a powerfnl fnn-gicide but is highly carcinogenic and indnces ethyl intoxication. Another, pimaricine, is antodegrad-able and has a fungistatic effect, withont known secondary effects it is already anthorized in the food industry. A proposal requesting the official approval of this product has been filed in France. 

In addition to this mechanical resistance, the grape skin contains preformed fungal development inhibitors. All epidermal cells possess tannin vacuoles. These phenolic compounds exert a weak fungistatic effect on the pathogen. 

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