Functionalized alcohols INDEX

The physical constants of furfuryl alcohol are Hsted in Table 1. When exposed to heat, acid or air the density and refractive index of furfuryl alcohol changes owing to chemical reaction (51), and the rate of change in these properties is a function of temperature and time of exposure. 

Lubricants, Fuels, and Petroleum. The adipate and azelate diesters of through alcohols, as weU as those of tridecyl alcohol, are used as synthetic lubricants, hydrauHc fluids, and brake fluids. Phosphate esters are utilized as industrial and aviation functional fluids and to a smaH extent as additives in other lubricants. A number of alcohols, particularly the Cg materials, are employed to produce zinc dialkyldithiophosphates as lubricant antiwear additives. A smaH amount is used to make viscosity index improvers for lubricating oils. 2-Ethylhexyl nitrate [24247-96-7] serves as a cetane improver for diesel fuels and hexanol is used as an additive to fuel oil or other fuels (57). Various enhanced oil recovery processes utilize formulations containing hexanol or heptanol to displace oil from underground reservoirs (58) the alcohols and derivatives are also used as defoamers in oil production. 

How to Use the Book to Locate Examples of the Preparation of Protection of Monofunctional Compounds. Examples of the preparation of one functional group from another are found in the monofunctional index on p. x, which lists the corresponding section and page. Sections that contain examples of the reactions of a functional group are found in the horizontal rows of this index. Section 1 gives examples of the reactions of alkynes that form new alkynes Section 16 gives reactions of alkynes that form carboxylic acids and Section 31 gives reactions of alkynes that form alcohols. 

Although the lignins do not perform adequately as full binders, they can be used as extenders. Now the resin supplies the benzylalcohol functionality and the lignins (and wood chips) need only supply alcohol groups to make ether linkages. The results for data on methylolated lignins are expressed in Table II as indices. The index is obtained by dividing the... 

Tables of azeotropes and nonazeotropes compiled by L. H. Horsley and coworkers at the Dow Chemical Co. Included are a formula index, a bibliography, and three articles, "Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Diagrams of Alcohol-Ketone Azeotropes as a Function of Pressure, ...

Recently, comprehensive World Wide Web (Internet) databases have been established on insect pheromones and semiochemicals The Pherolist , a database of chemicals identified from sex pheromone glands of female lepidopteran insects and other chemicals attractive to male moths (Am et al., 1999) and The Pherobase , a database of pheromones and semiochemicals for Lepidoptera and other insect orders (El-Sayed, 2006). These large databases on behavior modifying chemicals have extensive cross-linkages for animal taxa, indexes of compounds and source (reference) indexes. The indexes include those compounds cited in this chapter and many more with pheromone and semiochemical function acetate esters, diols, epoxides, ethers, ketones and secondary alcohols. For example, The Pherolist reports approximately 90 epoxy derivatives of C17-C23 of n-alkancs, mono-alkenes and di-alkenes as insect semiochemicals. 

Any change in this order of precedence of functions means a change in the name of a compound and in its location in an index. If alcohols were placed ahead of ketones in this order the name 3-hydroxybutyrophenone, indexed imder B (Butyrophenone, 3-hydroxy-) would become I-benzoyl-2-propanol, indexed under P (2-Propanol, I-benzoyl-). The importance of maintaining the same order of precedence can be readily seen. 

The influence of the metal ion is seen in Fig. 11-12, which shows low-load four-ball wear data by Allum and Forbes [58]. The results fall into three broad groups low wear levels associated with the ions Zn, Cd" , Ni, Fe " and Ag" " intermediate wear with Pb" , Sn" , and Sb" " " high wear with Bi . Where direct comparison for the effect of alkyl groups are available, they show the ester of the secondary alcohol 4-methylpentanol-2 has a stronger antiwear function than the ester of n-hexanol, except for the nickel salts. No consistent trend on which to base an acceptable explanation for the additive action of these phos-phorodithioates was observed in the data for the wear/load index (mean Hertz load). 

TG/DTG/DTA was employed to determined the At value, affinity index, for comparing the interaction between the perfect Si-0 framework of siliceous ferrierite and the adsorbed organic compounds with various functional groups, such as alkyl-amines, alkyl-alcohols and n-alkanes. The relation between At values and interaction strength (AHi) is discussed as well. 

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