Fulling soap

Properties Wh. powd. or paste anionic Toxicology TSCA listed Uses Surfactant, detergent, foaming agent, dispersant, emulsifier, conditioner, vise, builder in cosmetics, toiletries, pharmaceuticals, dentifrices, household cleaners detergent and fulling soap intermediate in textiles... 

Fulling Soap.— The soap used by cloth manufacturers for fulling or cleansing woollen cloth requires to be rather more alkaline than ordinary household soaps, but at the same time it must not contain such an excess of alkali as to affect injuriously the more delicate colours of the dyed wooL Some mamffactuxers employ a mixture of oleic acid... 

Fulling Soap.—The following formulae are given by Mr. Eingzett for a soft soap to be used for cleansing and Bcouring woollen fabrics —... 

Calibrate the detector tube pump for proper volume measurement at least quarterly. Simply connect the pump directly to the bubble meter with a detector mbe in-line. Use a detector mbe and pump from the same manufacturer. Wet the inside of the 100 cc bubble meter with soap solution. For volume calibration, experiment to get the soap bubble even with the zero ml mark of the buret. For piston-type pumps, pull the pump handle all the way out (full pump stroke) and note where the soap bubble stops for bellows-type pumps, compress the bellows fully for automatic pumps, program the pump to take a full pump stroke. 

Decontamination Soap and water, or diluted sodium hypochlorite solution (0.5 percent). Removal of potentially contaminated clothing should be done by people in full protective clothing in an area away from non-contaminated persons. For victims with bubonic plague, drainage, and secretion procedures need to be employed. Careful treatment of buboes is required to avoid aerosolizing infectious material. For victims with pneumonic plague, strict isolation is absolutely necessary. Heat, disinfectants and sunlight renders bacteria harmless. 

These cleansing properties of bases were appreciated in antiquity. For example, in a portion of the Bible probably written in about 1200 bc, a character called Job declares his desire to be clean, saying, If I washed myself with soap and snow, and my hands with washing soda. .. (snow was thought to be especially pure and soda (Na2C03 10H2O) is alkaline and has long been used as a soap). This quote may be found in full in the Bible, see Job 9 30. 

P.R.83, listed under Constitution No. 58000 1, continues to be used only in the USA. The pigment affords brilliant, bluish shades of red. Traces of iron as an impurity adversely affect the full shades and shift the color towards duller and bluer shades. The pigment is not fast to common organic solvents, especially to esters and ketones. It therefore lacks stability to overcoating. Its lightfastness, particularly in tint, is poor. P.R.83 is used in paints for toys, in packaging printing inks, especially for soap and butter, and in artists colors. 

If you turn on the water full blast in the kitchen sink and look closely, you ll see bubbles form and disappear very quickly. That s because the surface tension pulls on the bubble and makes it collapse. If you add dish soap, it lowers the surface tension, and the bubbles last much longer. But what really IS a bubble It s two layers of soap molecules—... 

In 1935, the Committee was renamed the Analytical Methods Committee (AMC) but the main analytical work was carried out by sub-committees composed of analysts with specialised knowledge of the particular application area. The earliest topics selected for study were milk products, essential oils, soap and the determination of metals in food colourants. Later applications included the determination of fluorine, crude fibre, total solids in tomato products, trade effluents and trace elements, and vitamins in animal feeding stuffs. These later topics led to the publication of standard methods in a separate booklet. All standard and recommended methods were collated and published in a volume entitled Bibliography of Standard, Tentative and Recommended or Recognised Methods of Analysis in 1951. This bibliography was expanded to include full details of the method under the title Official, Standardised and Recommended Methods of Analysis in 1976 with a second edition in 1983 and a third edition in 1994. 

Uses of Soap.—Soap is applied for washing, for fulling weellcn cloths, et cetera, and in medicine. Ils application for washing is founded on two conditions, namely, on its power to remove fatly matters from textile and other materials, and to form therewith an emulsive mass soluble in soapy water and on the readiness with which the neutral salts of fatty acids are decomposed by worm, water into aoid componnds and free alkali, The latter acts upun tho impurities of substances, and forms with them compounds partly soluble, and partly such as will no longer adhere to toxtUo fabrics and other bodies, whilst the separated acid salts of the fatty aoids keep the surface of the material in a smooth condition. 

Solution of eanslic soda constitutes the soda lio of the soap manufacturer, and is usually prepared on the spot hy decomposing msrbonate of soda or soda ash hy means of lime. The mixture is placed in largo cast-iron vats and covered with water, and after some hours the lio is withdrawn through a plug at the bottom of tbo vat, and either fresli water or a weak lie introduced at top. Full directions for the proper performance cf the process ate given under the article Soap. 

FILL A SLENDER JAR HALF FULL OF WATER TO BE TESTED. ADD 10 DROPS OF SOAP SOLUTION. CLOSE MOUTH OF JAR. SHAKE VIGOROUSLY. CHECK AMOUNT OF FOAM. 

Reviews of the theory of capillarity and its application to solid-state processes have been written by Herring [1], Mullins [2], and Blakely [3]. Adam wrote a classic text on fluid surfaces [4], For modern mathematical treatments of capillarity, consult Finn s book [5]. For a mathematical treatment of curvature and anisotropic interfaces written for materials scientists, see Taylor s review article [6].1 There are useful analogies between interfaces and phase diagrams which are particularly instructive for materials scientists [7]. Anybody with a milligram of curiosity and a sense of humor must read C.V. Boys s book on soap bubbles although written for children, the book is full of useful insights about the nature of interfaces [8]. 

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