Fullerene modified

Fullerene modified polyimide derived from 3,30,4,40-benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid and 3,30-diaminobenzophenone for casted items and its use in tribology, Russian Journal Applied Chemistry, vol. 76, pp. 1156-1163, 2003. 

The preparation of a bis-O-ferrocenoyl-L-tyrosine peptide 106 has been reported (Scheme 31 ).t69i This compound was rationally designed to be used as a model peptide to study the binding ability of a fullerene-modified silica gel. The attachment of the ferrocenyl units was performed presumably in solution using the free hydroxy tyrosine peptide and ferrocenoyl chloride. 

Organic solar cell based on fullerene modified by heterocycles, porphyrin systems, and polymers with heterocyclic fragments 04MI53. 

Silica with bonded fullerene probably can be used for the separation of organic compounds by reversed phase liquid chromatography if the fullerene modifying layer will be stable to hydrolysis. The reaction of fullerenes with amino groups can be used for the modification of capillary columns for the separation of compounds by capillary gas chromatography. 

Liu J, Tabata Y (2010) Photod3mamic Therapy of Fullerene Modified with Pullulan on Hepatoma Cells. J. drug target. 18 602-610. 

New methods of obtaining nanopattemed stmctures as well as their properties are introduced and described multilayer particles of nanocarbon, methanol fullerene, modified hydrocarbon fibers, solid solutions of cuprum and argentum chalcogenides. 

Liu J, Tabata Y. Photodynamic therapy of fullerene modified with pullulan on hepatoma cells. 7 Drug Target. 18 (8) 602-610, 2010. 

Since the discovery of buckminsterfullerene (C o) [85NAT(318)162] and other fullerenes (Cig. C70), these molecules have been intensely studied, both experimentally and theoretically. Likewise, several reports on heterofullerenes containing heteroatoms such as nitrogen and boron have appeared (91JPC4948 91JPC10564). The incorporation of heteroatoms is expected to modify the structural and electronic features of these structures, and have thus attracted some interest. 

In 2000, it was proposed that the regioselectivity of the [3 + 2] cycloaddition of fullerenes could be modified under microwave irradiation. Under conventional heating, N-methylazomethine yhde and fullerene-(C7o) gave three different isomeric cycloadducts because of the low symmetry of C70 vs. Ceo. Using microwave irradiation and o-dichlorobenzene as a solvent, only two isomers were obtained, the major cycloadduct 114 being kinetically favored (Scheme 39) [75]. The same authors had previously reported the 1,3-dipolar cyclo addition of pyrazole nitrile oxides, generated in situ, to Geo under either conventional heating or microwave irradiation. The electrochemical characteristics of the cycloadduct obtained with this method made this product a candidate for photophysical apphcations [76]. 

As with conventional Cl, this is a very mild form of ionization leading to molecular species with little or no fragmentation, i.e. (M + H)+ and (M — H) . This is not, however, always the case. The use of chromatographic modifiers may change the composition of the Cl plasma to such a state that, as in Cl and thermospray, other ions may be formed, e.g. the presence of ammonium acetate may lead to (M - - NH4)+ and (M - - CHsCOO)" ions in the positive- and negative-ion modes, respectively. The chemistry of the analyte may also have an effect, as has been discussed for ESI, with, for example, the spectra of fullerenes extracted from soot particles yielding an M+ molecular species [16],... 

Novel nitroxide malonate methanofullerenes (Fig. 1.3), thanks to the presence of nitroxide radicals and fullerene moiety, are able to protect cells from toxic side effects of cyclophosphamide (Gubskaya et al., 2007). Experiments were carried out on mice, in which leukemia P-388 was transplanted. Cyclophosphamide or fullerene individually injected did not increase the average life span of the animals, while the combination of the anticancer drug and nitroxide fullerene derivative resulted in the survival of 70% animals, classifying these compounds as promising modifiers of biological reaction for tumor therapy. 

C60 is also a highly versatile synthetic scaffold that can easily be functionalized by the methods of synthetic organic chemistry. The formation of C60 derivatives (i.e., covalently modified C60) nearly always involves the addition of a functional group (addend) across one or more of its 30 double bonds. When only one addend is attached, the fullerene derivative is called a monoadduct, with two, a bisadduct, etc. The ability to sensitize molecular oxygen in the presence of visible light is retained in the simple derivatives of C60 (i.e., mono-, bis-, and trisadducts). 

Fullerenes should have a photodynamic effect on tumors, if (a) the compound is accumulated in the tumor tissue, (b) a reasonably efficient way to administer the compound to tumor bearing animals is found, and (c) enough excitation light can be delivered to the photosensitized tumors. The first report of fullerenes being used to cany out PDT of actual tumors was by Tabata in 1997 (Tabata et al., 1997). They chemically modified the water-insoluble C60 with polyethylene glycol (PEG), not only to make it soluble in water, but also to enlarge its molecular size. When injected intravenously into mice carrying a subcutaneous tumor on the back, the... 

Tabata Y, Murakami Y, Ikada Y (1997) Photodynamic effect of polyethylene glycol-modified fullerene on tumor. Jpn J Cancer Res 88 1108-1116. 

For the further investigations C60/PVP complex was prepared by the modified method (Piotrovskii et al., 2001). Fullerene C60 (99.5%) was purchased from NeoTechProduct (Saint Petersburg, Russia). As polymer vehicles PVP with molecular mass 25,000 ( Merck ) or PVP pharmacopoeia grades were used. The fullerene C60 content in the investigated complexes was 0.50-0.66%. 

However, fullerene C60-modified surface is adequate for the adhesion and normal growth of cells in culture. Cells of the line MA-104 in the Eagle-MEM medium formed on fullerene film a normal monolayer. Cellular viability was assessed with the resazurin (Alamar Blue) reduction test. The dye resazurin is reduced by mitochondrial dehydrogenases of viable cells into the fluorescent product resorufin (maximum X = 530 nm, max X = 590 nm). The intensity of... 

The first carbon nanostructure that was covalently modified to alter surface properties was the C60 fullerene. After its discovery in the mid-1980s, numerous functionalization methods were developed for obtaining two important classes of derivatives, methanofullerenes and fullerene Diels-Alder adducts. 

Covalent functionalization of fullerenes has also been used to obtain surface-modified fullerenes that are more compatible to polymer matrices in order to fabricate composites. In this context, four basic strategies were developed. The first one allows the fullerenes to react during the monomer polymerization, so that the fullerene can be attached to the polymer chain [111, 112]. Second, an already synthesized polymer is treated using specific conditions that allow the chemical reaction with fullerenes [113,114]. Third, the fullerenes are chemically bonded to a monomer which is polymerized or co-polymerized to obtain the modified monomer [115,116]. Fourth, a dendrimer can be synthesized around a fullerene which then acts as a nucleus [117,118]. 

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