Fuji oxidation

The structures of ebumaminol (155) and larutensine (154) have been confirmed by a synthesis reported by Lounasmaa from the previously available indoloquinolizidine ester 154 (Scheme 8). Successive reduction, acetylation and Fuji oxidation of 156 yielded the enamine 157 which was alkylated with iodoacetic ester followed by NaBH4 reduction to give a mixture of four products. Treatment of two of these, the epimeric esters 158, with ethanolic sodium ethoxide resulted in cyclization to 18-hydroxyebumamonine (159) accompanied by its C(20) epimer. Reduction of 18-hydroxyebumamonine furnished ( )-ebumaminol and 16-epiebumami-nol (160) which on overnight treatment with acid gave ( )-larutensine [114]. 

The recent development of the convertible oxide materials at Fuji Photo Film Co. will surely cause much more attention to be given to alternative lithium alloy negative electrode materials in the near future from both scientific and technological standpoints. This work has shown that it may pay not only to consider different known materials, but also to think about various strategies that might be used to form attractive materials in situ inside the electrochemical cell. 

T. Nakanishi, "Substrate Type, Planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell," Fuji Electric, Fuel Cell Seminar Program and Abstracts, 1992 Fuel Cell Seminar, Tucson, AZ, November 29 -December 2, 1992. 

N. Hanada, T. Ichikawa, H. Fuji , Catalytic effect of Ni nano-particle and Nb oxide on H-desorption properties of MgH prepared by ball milling, J. Alloys Compd. 404-406... 

Of the aromatic hydrocarbons, the oxidative pathways of benzene have been studied most exhaustively. Fuji et al. proposed a global mechanism in the early 1970s, in which the C—H bond of benzene is broken to form the phenyl (CgHs ) radical that... 

Fuji K, Karasawa T, Ohkawa K (2005) Hydrogen gas generation by splitting aqueous water using n-type GaN photoelectrode with anodic oxidation. Jpn J Appl Phys... 

Furukawa, N. Ogawa, S. Matsumura, K. Fuji-hara, H. Extremely facile ligand-exchange and disproportionation reactions of diaryl sulfoxides, selenoxides, and triarylphosphine oxides with organolithium and Grignard reagents. 

Among diverse alloys, amorphous Sn composite oxide (ATCO) reported by Fuji photo film has caused a great deal of renewed interests in Li alloys as an alternative for use in the negative electrode of Li-ion batteries [176,177]. The ATCO provides a gravimetric capacity of >600mAh/g for reversible Li adsorption and release, which corresponds to more than 2200mAh/cm3 in terms of reversible capacity per unit volume, that is, about twice that of the carbon materials. 

Kurumada, M., Ito, A., and Fujie, Y, Preparation of La2-xSrxGaQ gMgQ jOj.j electrolyte for solid oxide fuel cell by citrate method using industrial raw materials, J. Ceram. Soc. Jpn., Ill, 200-204 (2003). 

The BASF process [39] has some resemblance to the Fuji process it is also a two-step process, and a PVC content lower than 5% is required in the feedstocks. The waste plastics are melted at 250-380°C and volume reduction and better uniformity are achieved. In this process, relatively cheap alkaline solid snbstances snch as calcium oxide, sodium carbonate or other alkalis in solution are used to remove HCl by absorption. Depending on the different plastics processed, oil product yields ranging from 20 to 70% can be achieved. This process is suitable for the treatment of mixed plastics containing heteroatom contaminants. 

In recent years there has been an increasing interest in the use of Sn02 as an anode material for lithium batteries, starting with the announcement by Fuji Photo Film Celltee Co. Ltd., Japan, about their STALION lithium ion cell. These cells utilized an amorphous tin-based composite oxide as the anode (together with a... 

Fuji T, Tonomura K. 1972. Oxidation of methanol, formaldehyde and formate by a Candida species. Agnc Biol Chem 36 2297-2306. 

Higaki Y, Hirshman MF, Fuji N, Goodyear LJ. 2001. Nitric oxide increases glucose uptake through a mechanism that is distinct from the insulin and contraction pathways in rat skeletal muscle. Diabetes 50 241-247. 

The enantioselective approach to quebrachamine adopted by Fuji and collaborators (Scheme 41) (279) has also been modified to afford a new synthesis of (-)-aspidospermidine (251). Here, the lactone 446 was converted by titanium trichloride into the lactone hemiacetal 485, which, after appropriate reduction and oxidation stages, gave the acetal acid 486. Condensation with tryptamine gave the tetracyclic lactam 487, which was then rearranged by means of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid to the pentacyclic indolenine lactam 488, reduction of which gave (-)-aspidospermidine (251) (Scheme SI). 

Silica-supported cobalt catalysts were prepared from cobalt nitrate (Co(N03)2), lanthanum nitrate (La(N03)3) and commercially available silica gel (Fuji Davison, ID gel, 270 m /g) using conventional methods of impregnation [14]. The composition of the catalyst was Co La Si02 = 20 6 87 by weight. The catalyst precursor was dried in air at 120°C and then calcined at 450 °C for 3 h to form supported metal oxides. It was then exposed to hydrogen at 400 °C for 12 h. The mean pore diameter of the catalyst was 8.7 nm. 

Apples Jina , fuji , Huaniu [60] Discrimination between cultivars 14 tin-oxide gas sensors... 

Another interesting application of the lithium-ion battery concept has been applied to the Sn02/LiNio gCog 2O2 electrodic couple [92]. Convertible oxides, and tin oxide in particular, first proposed as alternative anode materials by the Japanese Fuji Photo Film Company [93, 94], are presently the object of considerable attention in the lithium-ion battery community [95-98]. When negatively polarised in a lithium cell, tin oxide first undergoes an irreversible reaction shown in Equation 7.10. 

Lim, B.-R. Hu, H.-Y. Fujie, K. Biological degradation and chemical oxidation characteristics of coke-oven waste-water. Water Air Soil Pollut. 2003,146 (1-4), 23-33. 

A renewed interest in noncarbonaceous lithium alloy electrodes arose recently as the result of the announcement by Fuji Photo Film Co. of the development of a new generation of lithium batteries based upon the use of an amorphous tin-based composite oxide in the negative electrode [13]. It is claimed that these electrodes have a volumetric capacity of 3200, AhL" which is four times that commonly achieved with carbonaceous negative electrodes, and a specific capacity of 800, mAhg" twice that generally found in carbon-containing negative electrodes. 

From the metabolites of sclareolide (402) incubated with C. lunata and A. niger, ve oxidized compounds (403, 404, 405, 405a, 405b) were obtained. Fermentation of 402 with Gibberella fuji-kuroi afforded 403,404,405, and 405a. Metabolites 403 and 405a were formed from the same substrate by the incubation of F. Uni. No microbial transformation of 402 was observed with Pleurotus ostreatus (Atta-ur-Rahman et al., 1997) (Figure 20.117). 

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