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Fuels prices, forecasted

Purvin and Gertz Provides quarterly forecasts of oil, gas, and fuel prices that are widely used in the oil industry. They have a 10-year archive of historic data and forecast prices of most fuel products as well as crude oils on U.S., N.W. Europe, Middle East, and Asia bases. [Pg.336]

Table 2.1. Comparison of forecasted fuel prices to 2020 by International Energy Agency (lEA) and US Department of Energy. Table 2.1. Comparison of forecasted fuel prices to 2020 by International Energy Agency (lEA) and US Department of Energy.
SMR results are particularly sensitive to fuel price assumptions (Table 6.5). Natural gas prices historically have exhibited fairly strong price volatility. For example, while the EIA forecasts natural gas prices for utilities will be about 4.27 /MBtu in 2010 and are expected to reach 5.20 /MBtu in 2020, natural gas prices averaged much higher in 2004, at 6.11 /MBtu (EIA 2006). For the default SMR efficiency of 70%, each 1 rise in natural gas prices increases produced hydrogen costs by 0.16 /kg. A doubling of predicted prices in 2010 would increase hydrogen production costs by 0.97 /kg. [Pg.173]

Based on the conversion of coal at 85% efficiency to satisfy the Industrial Process Steam Market — Fuel and Energy Prices Forecasts. EPRI, EA-411 and EA-443. April and September 1977. [Pg.400]

Foster Associates, Inc., Fuel and Energy Price Forecasts. EPRI EA-411 (April 1977). [Pg.401]

SRI International, Fuel and Energy Price Forecasts Quantities and Long-Term Marginal Prices. EPRI EA-433 (September 1977). [Pg.401]

By the foretold forecast by the year of 2020, the significant growth of agricultural production in Ukraine is creating favorable conditions for the renewable energy development, in particnlar for the increase of biofuel production [22], Also, the steady fuel price increase promotes fuel production and nse in Ukraine. [Pg.275]

Most phase I NAPs provide for NE allocations based on a general emission rate and predicted activity level. For example in The Netherlands (NL), new entrants are allocated allowances based on projected output or fixed cap factor multiplied by uniform emission rate in line with that of a combined-cycle gas turbine (CCGT). In France, Germany and Poland, C02-intensive power generators, such as coal-fired installations, receive the highest number of allowances per kW installed. The literature highlights the risk that NE provisions can create distortions (Harrison and Radov, 2002). In order to illustrate how these rules can impact electricity prices and C02 emissions in our GB simulations, we focus on two approaches one based on a uniform benchmark and one based on a fuel-specific benchmark. In both cases the forecast capacity factor of new entrants is fixed at 60%. [Pg.84]

So long as petroleum is still widely available, it is difficult to forecast which of the various HEV options will prove to be most successful over the next decade or two. Indeed, fuel-cell enthusiasts consider both diesel and hybrid vehicles to be merely an interim technology until the day when FCVs are mass produced. Others are more sceptical over the future for FCVs and favour hybrids. Yet others see the hybrid as an expensive option with a performance that does not fully match that of a petrol engine. At present, it is impossible to say which view is correct the market will decide in the light of factors such as the extent to which hybrid technology progresses, the resulting vehicle prices, the future availability and cost of petroleum, and the possible imposition of carbon taxes or emission permits. [Pg.239]

According to the forecast for the year 2006, the cost of fuel oil (loco system) will probably approximate 46.5 0/L and the unit cost of electrical energy will be of about 6 0/kWh. The unit cost of raw materials in the year 2006 predicted on the basis of the price in the year 2003 as US 1.48/kg (dry weight) as well as the values of the CE Indexjoos and the predicted CE lndex2oo6 is... [Pg.1299]

The forecasts presented above assume no dramatic, long-term change in the international petroleum market. Major disruptions in petroleum supply will result in increased gasoline and fuel oil prices and will, thus, increase the relative attractiveness of fuels that are in greater supply in the United States, e.g., natural gas. This should accelerate efforts to develop fuel-ceU-powered automobiles. [Pg.53]

When it comes to natural gas and electricity purchasing, the plant could face contract management issues and better contract management could save millions of dollars per year. This is because the plant could set up a contract with a choice of a fixed amount with a flat cost or a tied structure with different prices. For a tied stmcture, the base amount is fixed with a flat price while additional amounts can be provided with price(s) higher than the base price. With better forecasting, the plant wdl predict the amount of deficit in fuel and electricity and make the purchase contract well in advance. This could dramatically reduce purchasing costs depending on the contract terms. [Pg.486]


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