Fruit package materials

Migration of nitrosamines into consumer products can occur via direct contact of materials such as waxed containers, elastic and rubber etc.81. Morpholine is used extensively as an industrial solvent for wax formulations. The wax formulations are used for coating fruits and vegetables to prevent moisture loss and increase shelf-life of the products. Paper and cardboard packed with morpholine was also found to give rise to NDMA, as these packaging materials were found to be contaminated with NDMA as well. Besides this, rubber products also provided a migratory source for both nitrosamines and nitros-able amine precursors, as trace levels of NDEA and TV-nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA) have been reported in cured meats with amine-based accelerators in the rubber nettings82. 

For example, the lack of good alternatives pushed the U.S. Department of Agriculture in 1998 to recommend the use of methyl bromide to treat wood packaging materials from China. A voracious, nonnative insect pest had been found in such packaging materials in 14 states around the United States. The Asian beetle had no known U.S. predators and could cost the United States more than 41 billion in lost forest product, commercial fruit, maple syrup, nursery, and tourist industries. This beetle was an extremely serious insect, and methyl bromide was the only known effective insecticide. Heat treatment was also suggested, but it proved to be more difficult and expensive (Morse 1998). Therefore, methyl bromide as an insecticide was receiving a reprieve. 

Humans may be exposed to 2,3-benzofuran by inhalation, ingestion, or dermal absorption. Based on the limited data available, exposure of the general population to 2,3-benzofuran does not appear to be substantial. However, since this compound has been detected at hazardous waste sites, is reported to be a component of cigarette smoke, and is one monomer in a resin which may be used as a coating on citrus fruits and in packaging materials for foods, human exposure may be possible from these sources. People in Britain who had died in fires had 2,3-benzofuran in some blood samples, but no source of exposure was identified (Anderson and Harland 1980). 2,3-Benzofuran was... 

Since many fruit drinks require heat processing to ensure microbiological stability, consideration must be given to the packaging material and its tolerance to elevated temperatures. If the product is also carbonated then the choice of packaging material and closure system becomes even more critical because of the required heat processing. As the heat builds up so does the internal pressure. Typical IPP conditions are 65-75°C for 20 min, with a warm-up and cool-down time of 20 min for each phase. 

The technique of EPR spectroscopy has proved to be a non-destructive technique with the potential for the quick and easy identification of a number of irradiated products. However considerable research is still required into products such as Crustacea, exotic fruits and various spices. There would also appear to be considerable potential in the identification of irradiation in a number of packaging materials providing additional identification which would reinforce the results of other techniques. This should help to reassure the consumer and ensure that the technique of food irradiation is not abused. 

The design of packaging materials for conservation of fresh fruits and vegetables, which means good specific permeation and selectivity properties in order to maintain a modified/controlled atmosphere ... 

Uses Ziram is an odorless powder at room temperature. Ziram is grouped under class III and GUP by the USEPA. Ziram is slightly to moderately toxic. Ziram is used for the control of a variety of plant fungi and diseases that affect the foliage of plants, soil, and seeds. Ziram is used primarily on almonds and stone fruits. It also is used as an accelerator in rubber manufacturing, packaging materials, adhesives, and textiles. Ziram also is used as a bird and rodent repellent.121317 52... 

Fruit Industry Supply Chains (FISC) are interconnected networks conformed by production nodes (farms), processing plants (fruit packaging and concentrated juice plants), and storage facilities, along with clients and third party raw material and services suppliers. Although Supply Chain optimization is a mature field, very few contributions on FISC modeling with management purposes have appeared so far in the open literature. 

Properties of Packaging Materials and Mold Growth on Packaged Candied Fruits... 

Recently, Charara (14) reviewed sorption of flavor compounds into packaging materials. This comprehensive review showed that polymeric materials in contact with food products caused a loss of flavor compounds in food products and model food systems. Low levels of fruit pulp content in juice resulted in higher absorption of flavor... 

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