Franklin

Department of Chemistry Rice University Houston, Texas 

From the earliest days of mass spectrometry, evidence was found for the occurrence of secondary processes and these were generally agreed to result from collisions between ions and neutral species. An ion at mje = 3 was observed by Dempster in 1916 and was correctly identified as H3. By 1925, the reaction leading to its formation was well established as 

In addition, the HeH ion had been observed in mixtures of hydrogen and helium. In 1928, Hogness and Harkness reported reactions of both positive and negative ions in iodine showing that l2 was formed both by electron impact and by charge exchange from I and that Ij arose by the reaction 

The only primary negative ion observed was I, which underwent charge exchange with I2 so that I2 was formed by the reaction 

Ion-molecule reactions were studied in several other systems by various early investigators. Excellent summaries of these studies to about 1931 were published by Smyth and Thomson. However, after about 1930, much improved vacuum equipment became available and the interest of mass spectrometrists turned to more accurate and detailed investigations 

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Franklin defined charge as positive or negative in the way we understand the loss or gain of electrons by mechanically rubbing surfaces together. His definition still stands. 

Benjamin Franklin s experiment is mentioned in the opening paragraphs of this chapter. Estimate, from his results, an approximate value for Avogadro s number make your calculation clear. The answer is a little off explain whether more accurate measurements on Franklin s part would have helped. 

Franklin J L (ed) 1979 Ion-Molecule Reactions, Part I, Kinetics and Dynamics (Stroudsburg, PA Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross)... 

Molecular mechanics across chemistry http //franklin.chm.colostate.edu/mmac/... 

The Lokers had no background or business interest in ehemistry. It was Carl Franklin who told them abont USC s effort to establish a hydrocarbon research institute, and he must have also told them some-... 

Watson and Crick shared the 1962 Nobel Prize in physiol ogy or medicine with Maurice Wilkins who with Rosalind Franklin was responsible for the X ray crystallographic work... 

Field, F.H. and Franklin, J.L., Electron Impact Phenomena, Academic Press, New York, 1957. 

Franklin, J.L., Ion-Molecule Reactions, Parts I and II, Hutchinson Ross, Stroudsburg, PA, 1979. 

J. H. McLain, Pyrotechnics from the Viewpoint of Solid State Chemisty, Franklin Institute Press, Philadelphia, 1980. 

S. Zaheri and co-workers. Occupational Health and Safety of 2,4,6 Trinitritoluene (TNT), final report contract DAMD 17-77-C-7020, Franklin Institute Research Laboratory, Philadelphia, Pa., 1978. 

P. Sabatier, Catalysis, Then andNow, Part II, Franklin Publishing Co., Englewood, N.J., 1965. 

Franklin Industrial Minerals Taos Country, N.M. 18,140 dry many improvements in dry and wet... 

E. C. Franklin, The Nitrogen System of Compounds, Reiohold Publishing Corp., New York, 1935. 

J. Mort and F. Jansen, Plasma Deposited Thin Films, Franklin Book Co., Inc., Elkins Park, Pa., 1986. 

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