Franklin Electricity

The submitters used a transformer purchased from the Franklin Transformer Company, Minneapolis, Minnesota, for 25-30. It was provided with taps so that secondary voltages of 5500, 6600, 7700, 8800, 9900, and 11,000 could be obtained. These transformers do not always deliver the rated voltage and hence should be calibrated by actual measurement. The checkers used a luminous tube transformer obtained from the Jefferson Electric Company, Bellwood, Illinois, Cat. No. 721-411. Cap. 825 VA. Primary 115 V.A.C. 60 cycles. Secondary 15,000 V. 60 M.A. Price 19.60. The variable transformer used to regulate the voltage should be rated at 7.5 amperes and may be a Varitran, Adjustavolt, or Variac. 

The early pioneers also include Benjamin Franklin and Charles de Coulomb. Franklin studied the effect of point electrodes in drawing electric currents. Coulomb discovered that a charged object gradually loses its charge i.e., he actually discovered the electrical conductivity of air. Coulomb s importance for the development of electrostatic air-cleaning methods is great, mainly because the present theories about electric charges and electric fields are based on his work. 

American statesman and inventor Benjamin Franklin deduces the existence of positive and negative electric charges. 

Fortunately for a poor, would-be chemist like Leblanc, France s aristocratic passion for the physical sciences crossed economic, social, and political borders. Intellectuals such as Rousseau and Diderot cultivated the sciences with enthusiasm and compiled encyclopedias and dictionaries of natural substances. Local academies and institutes in the far-flung provinces sponsored chemical studies. Crowds flocked to hear chemists lecture and to watch their flashy laboratory demonstrations. Even the future revolutionary, Jean-Paul Marat, experimented with fire, electricity, and light and tried—in vain—to become a member of the Royal Academy of Sciences. In America, Benjamin Franklin abandoned his printing and publishing business for physics, and in England his friend Jane Marcet wrote Mrs Marcet s Conversations in Chemistry for women and working-class men. 

Franklin Martin, the pioneer of the electrochemical treatment (ECT) of tumors,2 became a major force in the development of surgery in America however, towards the end of his life, he regretted that treatments with electricity had fallen into the hands of quacks and charlatans and therefore into disrepute.7 As was stated in 1991 by Watson 7 Even today this area of research is not favoured by grant-giving bodies and is viewed from the same perspective of disbelief. Also, the lack of easy availability of well-controlled and calibrated power supplies, ammeters and voltmeters—and thus the definition of optimum electrolytic conditions—at the end of nineteenth century, caused electrolytic burns and other failures in some patients so that the technique was never integrated into the routine clinical practice. 

Lord Charles Cavendish might not have been wealthy, but he was a natural philosopher and experienced experimentalist. Indeed his research on heat, electricity, and magnetism earned him praise from Benjamin Franklin. Henry must have learned a lot from his father, because he, too, became a meticulous experimenter. Some of Henry s experiments in physics and most of his chemical experiments were performed while he was still living under his father s roof. 

Charles Du Fay (1698-1739) observed that charged objects both attracted and repelled objects and explained this by positing that electricity consisted of two different kinds of fluids. Du Fay called the two fluids vitreous and resinous electricity and said each of these two different fluids attracted each other, but each repelled itself. Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) also con-... 

Zn 83 Si 9.6 parts loaded in a fuze train 0.054 inches long gave a mean delay time of 0.023 sec, while 2) KMnC>4 100, Zn 111 70/30-Tl/Ni alloy 11 parts gave a mean time of 0.062 sec] Ad 112a) R.M. Hillyer R.H.F. Stresau EBW (Exploding Bridge Wire) Initiation of RDX with Fifty Milli-joules , Paper No 5, Electric Initiator Sum-posium, Franklin Institute, Philadelphia,... 

Electric Cap was invented by Dr Watson of England and improved in 1749 by B. Franklin of US, but the device was forgotten until 1830 when Moses Shaw was granted a patent for a similar device. It was a high tension cap. The first low tension cap was developed by M. Shaw with the assistance of Dr R. Hare (Vol 1 of Encycl, p B186-R)... 

In the year 1745, Dr Watson of London tried to Ignite Black Powder (BkPdr) by means of an electric spark but did not succeed because the explosive was in loose powder form and most of it scattered before ignition took place. Benjamin Franklin found in 1751 a method to overcome the difficulties encountered by Watson and he succeeded in... 

Figure 14-3 A circuit with a battery and a resistor. Benjamin Franklin investigated static electricity in the 1740s. 1 He thought electricity was a fluid that flows from a silk cloth to a glass rod when the tod is rubbed with the cloth. We now know that electrons flow from glass to silk. However, Franklin s convention for the direction of electric current has been retained, so we say that current flows from positive to negative—in the opposite direction of electron flow...

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