Franklin fiber

Franklin Fiber Filler. P.S. Gypsum] Calcium sulfate whisker fiber fiUer. 

Franklin Fiber Filler A-30 Anhyd. t[U.S. Gypsum http //www.usg.com], Franklin Fiber Filler H-30 Hemihydrate T[U.S. Gypsum http //www.usg.com], Hybase C-300 [Crompton http //www.cromptoncorp.com] Hybase C-400 [Crompton http //www.cromptoncorp.com], Hybase C-500 [Crompton http //www.cromptoncorp.com] Ircogel 900 [Lubrizol http //www.iubrizoi.com], Ircogel 940 [Lubrizol http //www.iubrizoi.com], Lobase C-4501 [Crompton... 

Trade Name Synonyms Franklin Fiber Filler H-45 t[U.S. Gypsum http //www.usg.com]... 

Extra Super English Terra Alba Franklin Fiber Filler A-30 Anhyd. 

Calcium sulfate hemihydrate Franklin Fiber Filler H-45... 

Franklin Fiber. This is a calcium sulfate crystal with aspect ratios of 60/2 pm. It is an easy-processing reinforcement but suffers from water sensitivity. 

Franklin Fiber Filler, Acicular calcium sulfate, United States Gypsum Co. 

Figures 7.1 and 7.2 show the variation of primary normal stress difference with shear stress for the various filled systems studied [29]. It is seen that glass beads hardly affect the values of Nj while the presence of Franklin fibers, titanium dioxide (Ti02), calcium carbonate (CaCOj), carbon black (CB) and mica, respectively, show greater and greater reductions in Nj. However, on the other hand, the addition of certain fibers like cellulose fiber, glass fiber and aramid fiber, respectively, increases Nj values to a larger and larger extent.

Franklin Fiber (Certain Feed Products Corp.), which is fibrous crystalline calcium sulfate in the beta anhydride form. It has a white, lustrous appearance and a soft, silky feel. It is recommended for polyamides, asphalts, mineral cement, paper, and paints. It improves the tensile strength and increases the modulus of elasticity of plastics. 

Franklin Fiber is based upon calcium sulfate. Rates of solution of this fiber are relatively rapid. It has a beautiful white sheen when properly manufactured and is usually of excellent diameter and length. Unfortunately this fiber is not very strong, but it is probably safe because of its high dissolution rate. But like all fibers it should be handled carefully. 

Early diffraction photographs of such DNA fibers taken by Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins in London and interpreted by James Watson and Francis Crick in Cambridge revealed two types of DNA structures A-DNA and B-DNA. The B-DNA form is obtained when DNA is fully hydrated as it is in vivo. A-DNA is obtained under dehydrated nonphysiological conditions. Improvements in the methods for the chemical synthesis of DNA have recently made it possible to study crystals of short DNA molecules of any selected sequence. These studies have essentially confirmed the refined fiber diffraction models for A- and B-DNA and in addition have given details of small structural variations for different DNA sequences. Furthermore, a new structural form of DNA, called Z-DNA, has been discovered. 

Occurrences in the United States were known as early as 1698 with numerous finds along Brandywine Creek in Pennsylvania (Frondel, 1988). The celebrated purse made from asbestos that Benjamin Franklin took to London in 1724, and which now resides in the British Museum of Natural History, may have been made of long-fiber asbestos from Newbury, Massachusetts. As a journeyman printer, Franklin made paper from asbestos, as did many Europeans. It was also used in making lamp wicks and cloth. Commercial mining in the United States took place some time after the first discovery of asbestos on Staten Island, New York, in 1818. (Asbestos continued to be mined at the site until 1876.) By 1825 more than seventy localities were known to produce asbestos in the United States (Robinson, 1825). However, as early as 1804 Jameson had recorded the mineralogy of the species and listed the numerous university, societal, and private mineral collections containing specimens of asbestos from U.S. localities and asbestos products of local manufacture. 

Franklin, J. L. Voraussage fiber W rmeinhalt und freie Energie organischer... 

To shed more light on the structure of DNA, Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins used the powerful method of x-ray diffraction (see Box A-A) to analyze DNA fibers. They showed in the early 1950s that DNA produces a characteristic x-ray diffraction pattern (Fig. 8-14). From this pattern it was deduced that DNA molecules are helical with two periodicities along their long axis, a primary one of 3.4 A and a secondary one of 34 A The problem then was to formulate a three-dimensional model of the DNA molecule that could account not only for the x-ray diffraction data but also for the specific A = T and G = C base equivalences discovered by Chargaff and for the other chemical properties of DNA. 

Silk is an animal fiber valued for its texture, strength, and luster. First prepared in ancient China, silk fabric was expensive, luxurious, and soft its popularity led to the development of a trade route known as the Silk Road leading from Asia to Europe. Early American entrepreneurs such as Benjamin Franklin promoted the silk industry in the colonies. Silkworms spin cocoons that are collected, steamed, and unwound to obtain the silk fiber by a process known as reeling. A number of fibers are twisted together to form a thread of raw silk. Threads are combined, cleaned, stretched, dyed, and woven into fine fabrics. Silk fibers have great tensile strength and are sometimes used in cordage. 

Diffuse X-Ray Scattering. Polymers yield only a few diffuse X-ray peaks and streaks, which give an idea of the relative "crystallinity" of the polymer and of its growth axis. The structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was inferred in 1953 by Watson166 and Crick167 [66] from the fiber-axis X-ray photographs of DNA salts by Franklin,168 one of which is Fig. 11.75. 

The existence of specific base-pairing interactions was discovered in the course of studies directed at determining the three-dimensional structure of DNA. Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin obtained x-ray diffraction photographs of fibers of DNA (Figure 5.10). The characteristics of these diffraction patterns indicated that DNA was formed of two chains that wound in a regular helical structure. From these and other data, James Watson and Francis Crick inferred a structural model for DNA that accounted for the diffraction pattern and was also the source of some remarkable insights into the functional properties of nucleic acids (Figure 511). 

Fiber diffraction is a technique used to determine the structures of molecules that are oriented to form fibers by virtue of a parallel assembly of molecules. Certain materials, such as cellulose, keratin and fibroin (the silk protein) occur naturally in this form. Some polymers can be drawn out to form fibers in which the same type of orientation occurs. This was the technique used by Rosalind Franklin to study DNA. More recently. 

Incoshield - concentrates of nickel-coated carbon fiber in PPS, PC, PMMA, PEI, PA-6, PA-12. Concentrates are used for production of conductive polymers IB Company, Franklin, NJ, USA... 

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