Fragility test

Fragility testing This is a proprietory test to provide future reference data about an object, on its worthiness to operate under certain seismic conditions. When no seismic requirements are defined by the manufacturer the object is tested for its optimum capability. 

The spherocytes are much more susceptible to osmotic lysis than are normal red blood cells. This is assessed in the osmotic fragility test, in which red blood cells are exposed in vitro to decreasing concentrations of NaCl. The physiologic concentration of NaCl is... 

The osmotic fragility test is the most sensitive and useful test for the diagnosis of HS (Fig. 6-2). Although the fresh red cells of about 20% of HS patients have a normal or near-normal osmotic fragility, the test performed in cells incubated at 37°C for 24 hours is more often positive in association with an increased rate of spontaneous hemolysis (autohemolysis). 

Figure 6-2. Osmotic fragility test (Parpart method). A typical osmotic fragility curve of fresh (left) or 24-hour incubated (right) erythrocytes from a patient with HS is shown. The hatched area represents the normal range.

Fig. 28a, b. A schematic of a typical fragility test specimen a. The ductile copper grid subdivides the polymer film into ca. 50 independent grid squares. Shown in b is a schematic of the dependence of stress CT on strain e (or time) for an individual film square... 

Fig. 30a-c. Optical micrographs of PS film squares during a "fragility test illustrating a craze initiation, b local fibril breakdown and c catastrophic fracture. Tensile stress lies along the horizontal direction (From Ref. courtesy Macromolecules (ACS))... 

Harada, R. Ito, Y. Kimura, E. A new method of osmotic fragility test of erythrocytes with coil planet centrifuge. Jpn. J. Physiol. 1969, 19, 306-314. 

Differential diagnosis of sphero-cytes in the peripheral blood includes warm AIHA (autoimmune hemolytic anemia) and hereditary spherocytosis. Use the osmotic fragility test (HS) and direct Coombs test (AIHA) to tell them apart. 

Students frequently attempt to seal liquids in test-tubes the latter are, however, usually too fragile for this purpose. 

Mechanical Properties. Most of electronic IC devices are very fragile. They need strong mechanical protection from the encapsulant to retain their long-term reUabiUty. Encapsulant must provide mechanical protection but still maintain good temperature-cycle and thermal-shock testing, which are part of the routine reUabiUty testing of the embedding electronics. 

PTFE gaskets were specified for a section of plant that handled acid. As they ai e fragile and expensive and as an extensive series of tests using water had to be carried out during startup, temporary nitrile rubber gaskets were used during this period. You can guess what happened. One of them was left in position and corroded. 

Comparative tests between HSI and HSCI in seawater at 93° C and 10-8Am showed consumption rates of 8-4kg A y and 0-43 kg A y , respectively . These figures show that the consumption rate of HSI when used in seawater without the addition of chromium may approach that of steel, but because of the very deep pitting and its fragility, it is in most cases inferior to steel. However, in fresh waters HSI has a far lower corrosion rate than steel. The consumption rate of HSCI freely suspended in seawater in the current density range 10-8 to 53-8 Am increases from 0-33 kg A y at 10-8Am to 0-48 kg A" y at 53-8Am Direct burial in seawater silt or mud will also increase the consumption rate, with values of 0-7kg A y at 8-5 Am increasing to 0-94 kg A " y at 23-4 Am . 

Impaired wound healing, thin fragile skin, petechiae, ecchymoses, erythema, increased sweating, suppression of skin test reactions, subcutaneous fat atrophy purpura, striae, hyperpig mentation, hirsutism, acneiform eruptions, urticaria, angioneurotic edema... 

Hematological Methods. Hematological analyses can Include the determination of the total hemoglobin concentration (In g%), the packed cell volume (PCV In %), the red blood cell count (In 10 /mm ) and reticulocytes count (In %), calculation of the red cell Indices, examination of a blood film, tests to demonstrate the presence of Inclusion bodies and of sickle cells, tests to evaluate the distribution of fetal hemoglobin (Hb-F) Inside the red cells, the red cell osmotic fragility, the concentration of serum Iron (SI), total Iron binding capacity (TIBC), and the survival time of the red cells. Details of all... 

One consequence of the uptake of some contaminants is a reduction in the ability of lysosomes to retain the dye Neutral Red. As a consequence, the Neutral Red retention time has been developed as an index of lysosomal membrane fragility and thus of toxicity. The test has been used on the digestive cells involved with intracellular digestion of endocytosed food following administration of organic contaminants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [71]. The phenomenon has been reported many times after exposure to... 

Choose two wells to test. Insert one end of the salt bridge into the solution in the first well. Insert the other end of the salt bridge into the solution in the second well. Attach a free alligator clip to the electrode in each well. (Note The graphite electrode is very fragile. 

Answer A. The presence of an expanded trinucleotide repeat in 5 untranslated region of the gene is an accurate test for fragile X syndrome. 

---