Formamide hazard

The physical properties of finish removers vary considerably due to the diverse uses and requirements of the removers. Finish removers can be grouped by the principal ingredient of the formula, method of appHcation, method of removal, chemical base, viscosity, or hazardous classification. Except for method of apphcation, a paint remover formulation usually has one aspect of each group, by which it can be used for one or more appHcations. A Hst of the most common organic solvents used in finish removers has been compiled (3). Many are mentioned throughout this article others include ethyl lactate [97-64-3] propylene carbonate [108-32-7] furfural alcohol [98-01-1/, dimethyl formamide [68-12-2] tetrahydrofuran [109-99-9] methyl amyl ketone [110-43-0] dipropylene glycol methyl ether [34590-94-8] and Exxate 600, a trade name of Exxon Chemicals. 

The Shoe grouting system is considered nonhazardous and nonpolluting. Sodium silicate is essentially nontoxic. Formamide is toxic and corrosive, but does not present a serious hazard if normal safety precautions are followed. Shoe chemical grout materials are two to five times more expensive than Portland cement, depending on the sodium silicate to formamide concentration ratios. Installed costs are generally more similar to those for cement grouts. 

Use of less hazardous solvents - Since the reaction is two phase, simple benign solvents can often be used since PTC avoids the need to find a solvent that will dissolve all reactants, e.g. dipolar aprotic solvents such as dimethyl formamide. In some cases an organic solvent may not be required at all, the substrate forming the second phase. 

Hazard Data Bank Sheet No 77. Dimethyl formamide. The Safety Practitioner, pp 48M-9. May, 1986... 

Anode solution contains an alcohol, a base, S02, I-, and possibly another oiganic solvent. Methanol and diethylene glycol monomethyl ether (CH3OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OH) are typical alcohols. Typical bases are imidazole and diethanolamine. The organic solvent may contain chloroform, formamide, or other solvents. The trend is to avoid chlorinated solvents because of their environmental hazards. When analyzing nonpolar substances such as transformer oil, sufficient solvent, such as chloroform, should be used to make the reaction homogeneous. Otherwise, moisture trapped in oily emulsions is inaccessible. (An emulsion is a fine suspension of liquid-phase droplets in another liquid.)... 

Some pesticides are sufficiently soluble in water to permit their formulation in water. However, this may not be done unless hydrolytic stability and toxicity hazard are favorable. Instead, such compounds are dissolved in a water-miscible solvent to avoid hydrolysis and then mixed with water before application. Examples of such formulations are Azodrin WMC (formulated in hexylene glycol) and Lannate WMC (formulated in dimethyl formamide and methyl alcohol). 

DOT CLASSIFICATION 8 Label Corrosive SAFETY PROFILE Poison by intraperitoneal route. A dangerous storage hazard. It may explode in a sealed botde. Explosive reaction with dimethyl sulfoxide. Reacts vigorously with methyl formamide. When heated to decomposition it emits... 

Incandescent reaction with fluorine. Reacts to form pyrophoric or explosive products with bromine trifluoride, trifluoromethyl hypofluorite. Mixtures with formamide + iodine + sulfur trioxide are storage hazards, releasing carbon dioxide and sulfuric acid. Incompatible with oxidizing materials. 

HAZARD RISK Corrosive asphyxiating combustion and decomposition emit toxic fumes of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen chloride gas explosion hazard with dimethyl formamide above 65°C NFPA Code not available. 

Precaution Highly flamm. dangerous fire hazard exposed to heat, flame, oxidizers volatile with steam incompat. with oxidizing materials, strong acids or bases, formamide, iodine, maleic anhydride, silver perchlorate, perchromates, etc. 

Some test inks, in particular the range obtained in accordance with ISO 8296, contain toxic liquids formamide and EGMM. As a result, the health of test personnel can be endangered during routine quality assurance. Contact angle measurements can be carried out with harmless liquids or with liquids which are less hazardous to health. In addition, significantly smaller amounts of liquids are required for the measurement than with the ink test. 

Subsequent conversion of a sulfonic acid to a sulfonyl chloride has been demonstrated with the use of hazardous phosphorous pentachloride/ phosphorous oxychloride and heating (170-180 °C), or with dimethyl-formamide and thionyl chloride, the product of which has the potential to form by-products with the DMF. Though more mild methods have been developed for the conversion of sulfonic acids to sulfonyl chlorides, such as cyanuric chloride under neutral conditions, these methods still require the preparation of the sulfonic acid. ... 

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